1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Art and Photos in PowerPoint ® Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter 14 The Genetic Code and Transcription Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Figure 14.1

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.1The Genetic Code Uses Ribonucleotide Bases as “Letters” triplet unambiguous degenerate start and stop signals commaless nonoverlapping almost universal

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.2Early Studies Established the Basic Operational Patterns of the Code 14.2.1 The Triplet Nature of the Code

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.2

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.2a

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.2b

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.2Early Studies Established the Basic Operational Patterns of the Code 14.2.2 The Nonoverlapping Nature of the Code 14.2.3 The Commaless and Degenerate Nature of the Code

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.3Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others Led to Deciphering of the Code 14.3.1 Synthesizing Polypeptides in a Cell-Free System

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.3

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.3Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others Led to Deciphering of the Code 14.3.2 Homopolymer Codes 14.3.3 Mixed Copolymers

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.1

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.4

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.3Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others Led to Deciphering of the Code 14.3.4 The Triplet Binding Assay

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14-5 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Figure 14.5

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.2

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.3Studies by Nirenberg, Matthaei, and Others Led to Deciphering of the Code 14.3.5 Repeating Copolymers

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.6

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.3

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14-7 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Figure 14.7

21. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.4The Coding Dictionary Reveals Several Interesting Patterns among the 64 Codons 14.4.1 Degeneracy and the Wobble Hypothesis

22. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.4

23. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.4The Coding Dictionary Reveals Several Interesting Patterns among the 64 Codons 14.4.2 The Ordered Nature of the Code 14.4.3 Initiation, Termination, and Suppression

24. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.6The Genetic Code Is Nearly Universal

25. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.5

26. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.8

27. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.8a

28. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.8b

29. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.8Transcription Synthesizes RNA on a DNA Template

30. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.9Studies with Bacteria and Phages Provided Evidence for the Existence of mRNA

31. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.6

32. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.10 RNA Polymerase Directs RNA Synthesis 14.10.1 Promoters, Template Binding, and the  Subunit 14.10.2 Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of RNA Synthesis

33. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.9

34. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.9a

35. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.9b

36. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.9c

37. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.11 Transcription in Eukaryotes Differs from Prokaryotic Transcription in Several Ways 14.11.1 Initiation of Transcription in Eukaryotes 14.11.2 Recent Discoveries Concerning RNA Polymerase Function 14.11.3 Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA and Its Processing: Caps and Tails

38. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.10

39. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.7

40. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.12 The Coding Regions of Eukaryotic Genes Are Interrupted by Intervening Sequences

41. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.11

42. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.12

43. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 14.8

44. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.12 The Coding Regions of Eukaryotic Genes Are Interrupted by Intervening Sequences 14.12.3 RNA Editing Modifies the Final Transcript

45. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 14.13 Transcription Has Been Visualized by Electron Microscopy

46. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 14.15