1. CDOs – the flightdeck perspective Captain Spencer Norton AOA Environment Conference 28 th April 2014

2. Why not all the time? CDOs/CDAs are beneficial in terms of noise and fuel efficiency Pilot needs to consider 3 things: 1. Height vs track miles 2. Speed reduction vs track miles 3. Rate of Descent vs track miles

3. Using our 3 times table Height vs track miles 8000ft x 3 = 24nm 7000ft x 3 = 21nm 6000ft x 3 = 18nm 5000ft x 3 = 15nm 4000ft x 3 = 12nm

4. Reducing our speed We need to reduce our speed – we need distance to do this 1nm per 10 knots reduction of speed For example: To reduce from 250kts to 220kts Δ 30kts 1x3 = 3nm required

5. Rate of Descent Dependent on speed A very ‘general’ rule of thumb: 1. Indicated speed – add a zero (220kts = 2200) 2. Divide this number by 2 (2200/2 = 1100fpm) Example 2: IAS = 160kts 1600/2 = 800fpm

6. Let’s put you in the hot-seat

7. Indicated Airspeed AltitudeGroundspeed Wind Runway (EGPH 24) Aircraft

8. Flight Management Computer The ‘To’ Waypoint Miles to go

9. You are inbound to EDI RWY 24, expecting no delay and have just taken up a radar heading from TARTN. ATC have given you no indication of expected track miles to run. The CI24 point is at 10nm on the ILS for 24. Speed = 250kts Altitude = 9000ft Miles to go = 30nm

10. Are we? HIGH ON PROFILE LOW PLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHTPLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHT

11. PLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHTPLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHT

12. This also agrees with the ‘raw data’ calculation of track miles required. Height AAL9000’ x 3 = 27 Decel to 220kts (1nm/10kts) 3 x 1 = 3 30 nm

13. This is actually one of the ‘gates’ we aim for. Speed = 250kts Altitude = 9000ft Miles to go = 30nm

14. How are we doing now? Looks similar to our first example, doesn’t it?

15. Are we? HIGH ON PROFILE LOW PLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHTPLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHT

16. PLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHTPLAY YOUR CARDS RIGHT

17. Spot the tail-wind! Any head/tail-wind must be accounted for in our calculations: Height AAL9000’ x 3 = 27 Decel to 220kts 3 x 1 = 3 Head/Tail wind (1nm/10kts) 3 x 1 = 3 33nm now required

18. Conclusion CDO approaches are beneficial in terms of noise and efficiency CDOs require thought – advise crews they are required!

19. Conclusion

20. CDO approaches are beneficial in terms of noise and efficiency CDOs require thought – Advise crews they are required Essential components to fly a CDO 1. Accurate track miles from ATC 2. Speed reduction to be considered 3. Correct rate of descent used 4. Wind conditions to be considered

21. Beyond the Flight Deck