1. POETRY-1 (ENG403) LECTURE – 8

2. THE RENAISSANCE Rebirth/Revival Without implying previous death Theo-centric; anthropocentric Intellectual movement Reawakening of scholarship Recovery of ancient learning Religious and scientific inquiry Self emancipation of individual Transition in methods of study

3. INFLUENCES LEADING TO THE RENAISSANCE Humanism Geographical Discovery Invention of Printing Press Copernican System Fall of Constantinople The Revolt Against Authority

4. HUMANISM Revival of interest-classical literature of Greece & Rome Man gained importance Free human personality Worldliness Appreciation of classical antiquity

5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY Bartholomeu Diaz (1487) Columbus (1492) Vasco da Gama (1497-1499) The Cabots (1497) Fernando Magellan (1519-1521) Hernando Cortez (1519) Francisco Pizaro (1533)

6. PRINTING PRESS Revolution in the field of education Literature became independent of patrons It gave boost to the spirit of learning 20000 title were published in England Spread awareness among people

7. COPERNICAN SYSTEM Nikolaus Copernicus Polish astronomer Revolutionibus Orbium Planets move round the sun Traditional theology Earth- a restless creature Man- “an atom in the scheme of things”

8. FALL OF THE CONSTANTINOPLE Constantonople- captured by Turks (1453) Greek scholars took shelter in Italy Demetrius, Chalcondyles, Constantine Lascaris, Andreas J. Lascaris Some Greek scholars had already moved.

9. THE REVOLT AGAINST AUTHORITY Logical result of suppression Against dogmatic authority of church Denial of Authority of universal church Reliance on the individual conscience Luther, Calvin, Knox, Huss Reformers presented a protest in Germany The name ‘Protestant’ emerged

10. THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLANG The Oxford Group o Thomas Linacre o William Grocyn Introduced “New Learning” o John Colet o D. Erasmus- Dutch Feminist o Sir Thomas Moore

11. EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS WORKS Sir Thomas More Sir Thomas Elyot Roger Ascham John Foxe Thomas Wilson Richard Hooker

12. THE NEW DRAMA o Nicholas Udall o Thomas Sackville THE NEW POETRY o Sir Thomas Wyatt o Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

13. EDMUND SPENCER (1) Born in 1552 in London Elder son of John Spenser A free journeyman cloth maker Resident in East Smithfield Entered the Merchant Taylors' school Founded in 1561 under Richard Mulcaster Supported by Robert Nowell The curriculum of the school Cato, Caesar, Horace, Lucan, and Homer May 1569, Spenser left school

14. EDMUND SPENCER (2) Joined Cambridge Worked for wealthy students 1576- left Cambridge Italian & Greek masters of Art A few years- north of England Harvey, his friend London: 1579 Admitted to literary circle Sir Phillip Sydney & Earl of Leicester Earl of Leicester showed favour

15. EDMUND SPENCER (3) Appointed secretary to Grey de Wilton As deputy Lord of Ireland Spent 18 years in Ireland Service to the English Government Irish Rebellion: heroic manner State: the castle of kilcolman, Ulster Wrote The Faerie Queene 1589: Walter Ralegh visited him Presented to the Queen Granted pension 50 pounds

16. EDMUND SPENCER (4) It was not paid Went back to Ireland 1594: Married Elizabeth, an Irish girl Epthalamion, wedding hym 1595: visit to London Astrophel: an elegy On the death of Sydney Went back to Ireland Appointed Sheriff of Gork Again faced rebellion Burnt the castle

17. EDMUND SPENCER (5) He escaped with his family Returned to England 1599: died in a state of dejection and poverty Burried beside his master Westminster Abbey

18. SPENSER’S WORKS Mother Hubbard’s Tale The Complaints Colin Clout Comes Home Again The Amoretti and the Epithalamion The Epithalamion The Faerie Queene

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF HIS POETIC WORKS Outburst of Great Elizabethan Poetry First national poet in two centuries Pastoral compositions modeled after Virgil Melody is unsurpassed

20. SPENSER’S STYLE Supreme in his vision, Ultimate world of poetic fluency Ornate imagination Rich imagery Lofty idealism Sensuous poet Luxuriant colour Verbal music

21. SPENSER’S STYLE Blended: romantic ideas, nationalistic feeling, idealistic thought Experimented with language; enriched it Used archaism, allusions

22. THE FARERIE QUEENE 1590 edition Letter to Sir Walter Ralegh “the generall end … is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline”

23. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (1) 12 Books Each book having 12 Cantos Twelve day feast Held by Gloriana, the Queen Stranger appeared asked for help Giant, tyrant, dragon Assigned a knight

24. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (2) Each book- Adventure of one knight Each knight- twelve virtues of Aristotle Opposed to the twelve vices Prince Arthur- central figure Ideal knight- symbolizing magnificence

25. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (3) 1.An allegory of virtues and vices 2.An allegory of the times and people 3.A story of romance and adventure 4.Character and action- double meaning Only Six books were completed Book 7 is unfinished

26. THE ALLEGORY An allegory is an extended metaphor. A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. The function of allegory in poetry is to provide two meanings to a poem. Moral Allegory Religious Allegory Political-Historical allegory

27. MORAL ALLEGORY The characters represent various virtues and their contrary vices at war in the soul which strives for perfection.

28. RELIGIOUS ALLEGORY The representation is a struggle of o the English Reformed Church, o the Church of England, o the Church of Rome o With Atheism and Paganism

29. POLITICAL- HISTORICAL ALLEGORY To Glorify the State In the “most excellent and glorious person of our soveraine the queene, and her kingdom in Faery land” Queen Elizabeth Other Elizabethan figues

30. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (1) 1.CLASSICAL Virgil’s pastorals Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey Aristotle’s Philosophical works Plato’ writing Natale Conti’s Mythologia Boccaccio’s De Genealogia Deorum

31. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (2) 2.ROMANTIC Epics of Chivalry – Aristotle’s Orlando Furioso – Tasso’s Gerusalemme Liberata – Malory’s Morte d’ Arthur – Montalvo’s Amadevis of Gaul

32. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (3) 3.ALLEGORICAL Dante’s Divine Comedia Roman de la Rose Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls

33. BOOK 1 STORY o George- the knight o Lady Una o The knight slays the dragon o Recovers the castle of lady Una’s father

34. BOOK 1 ALLEGORY o The red Cross Knight- St. George; champian of Christian holiness; Anglian Church o Una- truth; true religion o Dragon- Error

35. BOOK 1 STYLE (1) o Best book o Only the 10 th canto is dull o Richness of contrasts is exemplified

36. REVIEW OF LECTURE 8 Introduction to Elizabethan Age Influences leading to the Renaissance Important writers Edmund Spenser Notable Works The Faerie Queene

37. http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/all am/general/glossary.htm