2.  Hispanic American applies to the Americans who came from Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba.  Five major subgroups- Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cuban Americans, Central Americans and Southern Americans.  The number of Hispanic Americans has risen dramatically.  1960- 3 million  1980- 15 million  1995- 27 million  2009- 46.9 million

3.  Second- generation American.  Left school after eighth grade to work in the fields to support his family.  Joined the United States Navy In 1946  Dreamed to create an organization to help migrant farm workers whose poverty he had shared.  Seen as a civil rights leader to Hispanic Americans.  Died on April 23, 1993.  César Chávez, born on March 31, 1927. http://www.laprensa-sandiego.org/archieve/march29- 02/chavez03.jpg

4.  Dolores Huerta, born on April 10, 1930 in New Mexico.  Her father was a miner and farmer and her mother was a businesswoman who owned her own restaurant and hotel.  Went to the University of Pacific’s Delta Community College  Met Chavez while working for the Community Service Organization (CSO)  Huerta was seen as another civil rights activist for Hispanic Americans. http://images.chron.com/blogs/pulsolatino/Dolores%20Huerta%203%20AP%20Phot o%20Rich%20Pedroncelli.jpg

5.  United Farm Workers (UFW) of America- formed in 1966 by Chávez and Huerta.  Benefited farmers  Got support from United Auto Workers, Robert Kennedy and Jerry Brown, the California governor  The grape boycott  Chávez used strikes, fasts and marches.  He would continue to lead strikes against bananas, lettuce, and vineyard owners. http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb0199n93x./ http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/OB-EQ666_chavez_G_20091012104303.jpg

6.  During the 1940s Mexicans were asked by the U.S. to fill the labor shortage as a result of World War II.  Braceros program  These workers were called braceros.  Displaced many Mexican- Americans  Most effective 1947- 1964.  5 million were given jobs. http://www.opb.org/programs/oregonexperiencearchive/braceros/media/bracero- queue.jpg

7.  During the 1970s bilingual education was the center of controversy.  Parents believed in order for their children to be equal to those who spoke English they would have to learn bilingually.  Others who opposed this believed it slowed down the assimilation or the absorption of a minority into society.  The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 ensured schools would have assistance for bilingual teaching programs.  The number of illegal immigrants during the 1960s and 70s was rising quickly.  In 1968 Congress passed the Immigration Reform Act.  Fined employers anywhere from$250- $10,000 for every illegal immigrant that they employed.  Hispanic Americans will soon be the biggest minority in the U.S.