1. A Very Short History of Bar Code Which may or may not apply to RFID

2. Bar Code in the Stone Age

3. Railcar Bar Code - 1967 to 1975

4. 1970 - 1982 Saw Many Intra-Company Applications

5. Joe Woodland – 1949 patent

6. April 1973 – UPC Standard Adopted (US & Canada)

7. Obstacles – Chicken & Egg Return on investment for the retailer required source marking by the manufacturer It took 4.6 years for manufacturers to provide UPC symbols on 75% of pre- packaged items sold in supermarkets

8. Obstacles – Item Price Marking Controversy over the removal of price stickers on individual items Retail unions & consumer advocates Unfavorable publicity about price errors at the point of sale State and local legislation required item price marking

9. Obstacles - Superstition A Satanic plot - 666 6 66 This was a real book! Analogous to RFID privacy concerns

10. Obstacles – Patent Litigation Bilgutay vs. Uniform Code Council Lawsuits between scanner manufacturers Lemelson vs. end user companies $1,500,000,000 collected in license fees 2001 - Symbol Technologies & others filed suit against Lemelson 2004 - Federal court declares Lemelson claims invalid and unenforceable

11. Number of scanning stores in the US & Canada 0645111210432

12. Positive publicity - 1978 Fortune MagazineWall Street Journal

13. Positive publicity - 1982 Fortune Magazine

14. Bar Code humor confirmed broad acceptance

15. Other Significant Bar Code Mandates 1983/4 US DOD US Automobile Industry These mandates together with UPC and EAN sharply accelerated market growth.

16. Subsequent Progress Bar code replaced OCR in fashion retail International Symbology Standards Verification developed & standardized 2 dimensional bar codes Ultimately bar code spread world wide to every facet of retail, distribution, and manufacturing

17. RFID – my opinion RFID will take root and flourish, not by replacing bar code, but by solving those problems wherein it provides the superior solution.