1. Chapter 11: today’s issues in Latin America

2. RAINFOREST LAND USES
Vegetation helps clean the atmosphere, regulate climate, and shelter millions of species
Biodiversity: the variety of organisms within an ecosystem

3. CLEARING THE RAINFORESTS
World demand for timber is high
Farmers use slash and burn to create fields
Ranchers clear forest for grazing land

4. POPULATION PRESSURE
Brazil’s population should reach 200 million by 2020
This creates need for new houses (timber) and more living space

5. THE PRICE OF DESTRUCTION

6. DEFORESTATION Def: cutting down and clearing away of trees
Long term effects far outweigh the short term

7. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
Deforestation leads to a build-up of CO2
This prevents heat from escaping the earth
This builds up the temperature
This is Global Warming

8. PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN DANGER
50% of the world’s plant and animal species are in the rainforest
Plants are used to create new medicines

9. MOVING TOWARD SOLUTIONS

10. A JUGGLING ACT
Countries struggle with how to balance economic concerns with environmental ones
Move is to educate people as to the value of the rainforest

11. FIGHTING ECONOMICS WITH ECONOMICS
Debt-for-nature swap: debt reducing deal wherein an organization agrees to pay off a certain amount of government debt in return for government protection of a certain portion of rain forest

12. SECTION 2: GIVING CITIZENS A VOICE

13. THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM
Rich and powerful ruled most countries during and immediately after Spanish rule (Oligarchy)
Limited free speech, censoring of the press, punish dissent
Junta: a govt run by generals after a military takeover

14. THE RULE OF THE CAUDILLO
Caudillo: a military dictator or political boss
Got support from the military and wealthy
Ex: Juan Perón of Argentina, PRI of Mexico

15. ESTABLISHING STABLE DEMOCRACIES

16. GOALS OF REFORM Establish constitutional governments
Participation of citizens
Economic stability
Gender and racial equality

17. LAND REFORM
Def: process of breaking up large landholdings and giving portions of the land to land-poor peasant farmers