1. American Civil War 1861-1865

2. What Led to War? Slavery introduced in the 1500s. In the United States, in 1619. 1783 Constitution: a slave was 3/5 th a person 1794 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1794 Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison 1820 Missouri Compromise Underground Railroad 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act John Brown 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1856 Republican Party

3. Abraham Lincoln Illinois attorney 1860 Nominated by Republican Party for president Elected by minority vote 1860 South Carolina secedes 1861 Assumes office

4. Confederate States of America Union: 16 states Confederacy: 12 states Border: 4 states Jefferson Davis

5. Southern Concerns Loss of Economic Power Loss of Lifestyle Loss of “Peculiar” Institution Charleston, SC 1860

6. Major Battles 1861 Fort Sumter

7. Other Battles Bull Run /Manassas Creek Shiloh Vicksburg Gettysburg Sherman’s March to the Sea Appomattox Courthouse

8. Important Figures South Robert E. Lee Lee Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Jeb Stuart North Ulysses S. Grant William Sherman Phil Sheridan Gran t

9. Post War 14 th Amendment All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 15 th Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

10. Reconstruction Rutherford B. Hayes Poll Tax Ku Klux Klan Education Battles Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 King

11. Desegregation Little Rock, Ark. High School 1958 University of Alabama 1963

12. Today Black Population 12.8 percent (2006) City with largest black population: New York, 2 million

13. Results of Civil War Racism Movement of Afro-Americans from South to the North Republican Party Shift in political power from President to Congress. Reversed in Depression Increased black involvement in politics: Ralph Bunche, Thurgood Marshall, Condoleezza Rice, Colin Powell Eventually: Military equality End of separate but equal education End of red-lining; End of ghettoes End of hiring discrimination Marshall

14. Sports Baseball: Jackie Robinson, Larry Doby Tennis: Althea Gibson, Arthur Ashe Golf: Charlie Sifford, Jim Thorpe, Tiger Woods Basketball: 1966 Texas Western