1. Introduction to Sequential Logic Design Latches

2. 2 Terminology A bistable memory device is the generic term for the elements we are studying. Latches and flip-flops (FFs) are the basic building blocks of sequential circuits.  latch: bistable memory device with level sensitive triggering (no clock), watches all of its inputs continuously and changes its outputs at any time, independent of a clocking signal.  flip-flop: bistable memory device with edge-triggering (with clock), samples its inputs, and changes its output only at times determined by a clocking signal.

3. 3 S-R latch S sets the Q output to 1, R resets the Q output to 0. If both R, S are negated, the latch remains in the state that it was forced to (like a bistable element). QN is normally the complement of Q (but sometimes NOT).

4. 4 S-R latch operation

5. 5 Metastability is possible if S and R are negated simultaneously.

6. 6 S-R latch timing parameters Propagation delay Minimum pulse width

7. 7 S-R latch symbols

8. 8 S-R latch using NAND gates (S-bar-R-bar latch)

9. 9 S-R latch with enable

10. 10 S-R latch with enable

11. 11 S-R latch with enable

12. 12 D latch D C Q Q

13. 13 D-latch operation When C is asserted, Q follows the D input, the latch is “open” and the path (D-->Q) is “transparent”. When C is negated, the latch “closes” and Q retains its last value.

14. 14 D-latch timing parameters Propagation delay (from C or D) Setup time (D before C edge) Hold time (D after C edge)

15. 15 S-R vs. D latches S-R  Useful in control applications, “set” and “reset”  S=R=1 problem  Metastability problem when S, R are negated simultaneously, or a pulse applied to S, R is too short. D  Store bits of information  No S=R=1 problem  Metastability still possible.

16. 16 Next… Flip-flops Read Ch-7.2