1. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 35 Dental Handpieces and Accessories Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA) All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PowerPoint ® presentation slides may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out. Produced in the United States of America ISBN 0-7216-9770-4

2. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Introduction Rotary instruments complete different functions in the cutting, polishing, and finishing of tooth structure and the restoration process.

3. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  1940s Introduction of rotary instruments. Belt-driven handpiece. Development of diamond cutting burs.  1950s Invention of tungsten carbide. Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece.  1940s Introduction of rotary instruments. Belt-driven handpiece. Development of diamond cutting burs.  1950s Invention of tungsten carbide. Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece. The Evolution of Rotary Equipment

4. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Most frequently used piece of machinery in dentistry. The handpiece provides the power to a rotary instrument that completes the actual cutting or polishing of tooth structure and castings.  Most frequently used piece of machinery in dentistry. The handpiece provides the power to a rotary instrument that completes the actual cutting or polishing of tooth structure and castings. Dental Handpiece

5. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design Straight in appearance. Standard length and “shorty.” Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per minute (rpm). Operates the rotary instrument in either a forward or backward movement.  Design Straight in appearance. Standard length and “shorty.” Speed ranges from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations per minute (rpm). Operates the rotary instrument in either a forward or backward movement. Low-Speed Handpiece

6. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.

7. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Uses of the low-speed handpiece Intraoral Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity preparation. Finishing and polishing of restorations. Coronal polishing and removal of stains. Extraoral Trimming and contouring temporary crowns. Trimming and relining of removable partials and dentures. Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances.  Uses of the low-speed handpiece Intraoral Removal of soft decay and fine finishing of a cavity preparation. Finishing and polishing of restorations. Coronal polishing and removal of stains. Extraoral Trimming and contouring temporary crowns. Trimming and relining of removable partials and dentures. Trimming and contouring of orthodontic appliances. Low-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

8. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Straight attachment receives a long ‑ shank laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment, and the prophy angle attachment.  Contra-angle attachment receives latch type rotary instruments and mandrel.  Straight attachment receives a long ‑ shank laboratory bur, the contra-angle attachment, and the prophy angle attachment.  Contra-angle attachment receives latch type rotary instruments and mandrel. Low-Speed Attachments

9. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Prophylaxis Angle Used during polishing procedures to hold the prophy cup and bristle brush. Two types Plastic disposable “prophy” angle Metal “prophy” angle  Prophylaxis Angle Used during polishing procedures to hold the prophy cup and bristle brush. Two types Plastic disposable “prophy” angle Metal “prophy” angle Low-Speed Attachments-cont’d

10. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design One-piece unit with a slight curve in appearance. Operates from air pressure. Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm. Maintains a water-coolant system. Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments. Fiber-optic lighting.  Design One-piece unit with a slight curve in appearance. Operates from air pressure. Operates at speeds up to 450,000 rpm. Maintains a water-coolant system. Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments. Fiber-optic lighting. High-Speed Handpiece

11. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Uses of the high-speed handpiece Removes decay. Removes an old or faulty restoration. Reduces the crown portion of the tooth for the preparation of a crown or bridge. Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a new restoration. Finishes or polishes a restoration. Sections a tooth during a surgery.  Uses of the high-speed handpiece Removes decay. Removes an old or faulty restoration. Reduces the crown portion of the tooth for the preparation of a crown or bridge. Prepares the outline and retention grooves for a new restoration. Finishes or polishes a restoration. Sections a tooth during a surgery. High-Speed Handpiece-cont’d

12. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design Attached to the dental unit. Powered by electricity. Attachments are similar in appearance to scaling instruments. Delivers a pulsating spray of water.  Design Attached to the dental unit. Powered by electricity. Attachments are similar in appearance to scaling instruments. Delivers a pulsating spray of water. Ultrasonic Handpiece

13. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece Removes calculus. Removes stain. Removes bonding materials from a tooth surface after orthodontic appliances are removed. Removes cement after orthodontic bands are removed.  Uses of the ultrasonic handpiece Removes calculus. Removes stain. Removes bonding materials from a tooth surface after orthodontic appliances are removed. Removes cement after orthodontic bands are removed. Ultrasonic Handpiece-cont’d

14. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design Uses a laser light beam instead of rotary instruments. The laser is conducted through a fiber ‑ optic cable. Resembles a standard handpiece. Maintains a water-coolant system. Maintains an air-coolant system.  Design Uses a laser light beam instead of rotary instruments. The laser is conducted through a fiber ‑ optic cable. Resembles a standard handpiece. Maintains a water-coolant system. Maintains an air-coolant system. Laser Handpiece

15. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Uses: Cauterizes soft tissue. Vaporizes decayed tooth structure.  Advantages: Usually painless. Patient usually does not require anesthesia. Proceed with procedure faster.  Disadvantage: Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations.  Uses: Cauterizes soft tissue. Vaporizes decayed tooth structure.  Advantages: Usually painless. Patient usually does not require anesthesia. Proceed with procedure faster.  Disadvantage: Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations. Laser Handpiece-cont’d

16. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design Small version of a sandblaster. Produces a high ‑ pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through a small probe.  Design Small version of a sandblaster. Produces a high ‑ pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through a small probe. Air-Abrasion Handpiece

17. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Uses Prepares teeth for sealants. Removes external stains. Class I through class VI preparations. Endodontic access. Crown margins. Prepares a tooth surface for the cementation of a cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer.  Uses Prepares teeth for sealants. Removes external stains. Class I through class VI preparations. Endodontic access. Crown margins. Prepares a tooth surface for the cementation of a cast restoration, such as a crown or veneer. Air-Abrasion Handpiece-cont’d

18. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Design Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Uses laboratory burs. Provides greater torque than handpieces used intraorally.  Design Operates at speeds up to 20,000 rpm. Uses laboratory burs. Provides greater torque than handpieces used intraorally. Laboratory Handpiece

19. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  General considerations Wear personal protective equipment and follow universal precautions. Clean debris from the external surface. Clean the internal components of the handpiece. Handpiece must be dry before being packaged. Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. Sterilize the handpiece. Wipe the light port on the fiber ‑ optic with an alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.  General considerations Wear personal protective equipment and follow universal precautions. Clean debris from the external surface. Clean the internal components of the handpiece. Handpiece must be dry before being packaged. Wrap the handpiece for sterilization. Sterilize the handpiece. Wipe the light port on the fiber ‑ optic with an alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant. Handpiece Maintenance

20. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Three basic parts to a rotary instrument: Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece. Straight shank Latch type shank Friction grip shank Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that connects the shank and the head. Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.  Three basic parts to a rotary instrument: Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece. Straight shank Latch type shank Friction grip shank Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that connects the shank and the head. Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion. Rotary Cutting Instruments

21. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig. 35-12 Types of shanks.

22. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head.  Uses Tooth preparation. Excavation of decay. Finishing cavity walls. Finishing restoration surfaces. Taking out old fillings. Finishing crown preparations. Separating crowns and bridges. Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries.  Rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting head.  Uses Tooth preparation. Excavation of decay. Finishing cavity walls. Finishing restoration surfaces. Taking out old fillings. Finishing crown preparations. Separating crowns and bridges. Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries. Dental Burs

23. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting ability, which shortens preparation time and increases productivity.  Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the polishing capability.  Diamond rotary instruments are used for their cutting ability, which shortens preparation time and increases productivity.  Finishing rotary instruments: The more cutting surfaces on the head of a bur, the greater the polishing capability. Types and Shapes of Burs