1. Design and Application of Power Optimized High-Speed CMOS Frequency Dividers

2. Outline Approach 2 Conclusion 4 Application 3 3 Background 3 1

3. PLL DDS RF circuit … AApplication Circuit Partition Architecture Select FF CSolution High Frequency P = CVdd 2 fα BChallenge Background -high speed frequency divider

4. Approach -register based frequency dividers First stage 1.Sense Amplifer have small Tdq delay 2.Only two FF 3.Only one differential logic control state Counter-based approach require a lot of registers Divide by two

5. Approach -register based frequency dividers Second Stage 1.MSFF have small power dissipation 2.Only three MSFF 3.Only one logic eliminate forbidden state Divide by 5

6. Approach -register based frequency dividers

7. 90-nm technology 1.1V Power Supply 5.5GHz 190 uW/GHZ Reduce 3/4 Approach -register based frequency dividers Result

8.  Edge triggered FF Data to Q delay is to long  Conventional MS latch Be at risk of race condition  Single ended structure Cannot produce precise phase skew signal Fully Differential high speed low power divider based on CMOS logic Conventional IQ divider with 90 degree phase skew Approach -high speed IQ divider architecture

9. First Part: Pulse Generator  High frequency input signal Interconnection is simple  Differential feedback structure Low error rate  Low power dissipation No static current source  Disadvantage

10. Approach -high speed IQ divider architecture Second Part: Post processing stageSignal diagram

11. Approach -high speed IQ divider architecture PSPICE simulation The worst process corner Conditions: 1 Voltage 7GHz input signal

12. Approach -high speed IQ divider architecture The complete circuit does not contain any current sources The circuit does not require full swing signals at the internal nodes. The circuit is absolutely symmetric. Advantages

13. Approach -performance evaluation The high accuracy of the phase skew can be achieved only if the symmetry of the circuit is maintained in the layout of the divider block(wiring and layout). Structure : Two sense-amplifiers One shifter core Two SR latches Implementation of divider in 90 nm CMOS technology

14. Approach -performance evaluation The divider consumes 0.36 mW/GHz at 1.0 V and 1.02 mW/GHz at 1.6 V at a maximum operation frequency of 12.4 GHz. Sensitive curves

15. Application -phase rotator and application in dual modulus pre scaler Conventional approach Additional phase synthesizer Asymmetric layout

16. Application -phase rotator and application in dual modulus pre scaler Proposed divider Dynamic coupling stage phase generator and selector in one circuit block Symmetric architecture

17. Application -phase rotator and application in dual modulus pre scaler Pre scaler using proposed IQ divider master-slave toggle flip-flops

18. Application -phase rotator and application in dual modulus pre scaler Performance

19. Application -signal generation for IQ signal mixer Performance Process variations and supply noise do not degrade the signal quality excessively

20. Conclusion A high-speed low-power divider topology without static current sources has been proposed for a 90-nm low-power CMOS technology. A maximum input frequency of 12.4 GHz is achieved with a maximum power consumption of 1.02 uW/GHz. The fully symmetric circuit allows for the generation of output signals with a highly precise phase skew of 90 deg.