1. COMP6005 An Introduction to Computing Session Two: Computer Hardware

2. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware2 Objectives Describe components of computer system Describe computer input devices Describe computer output devices Compare and contrast Describe various types of storage devices Describe the interaction between humans and computers

3. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware3 Components of a Computer System Computer system consists of –Central Processing Unit (CPU) –Memory –Input/output (I/O)

4. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware4 CPU Also known as a microprocessor Complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip Carries out a set of instructions (programs) that tell the processor what to do

5. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware5 CPU Using its ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), a microprocessor can perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division A microprocessor can move data from one memory location to another A microprocessor can make decisions and jump to a new set of instructions based on those decisions

6. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware6 Assignment Describe the operation of the CPU and its components Include diagrams, pictures, etc for visual representation

7. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware7 Memory Read Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM)

8. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware8 ROM “Built-in” computer memory that contains data that can only be read, not written to Contains the programming that allows the computer to be "booted up" or regenerated each time it is turned on Data is lost every time computer is turned off Performing the hardware setup procedure on a computer means you are writing to ROM

9. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware9 RAM Place in a computer where operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept for quick access by computer's processor Data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running Called "random access" because any storage location can be accessed directly – better term may have been “direct access memory”

10. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware10 RAM Much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer Small, both in physical size (stored in microchips) and in the amount of data it can hold More RAM in your computer means less number of times that the computer processor has to read data in from the hard disk, an operation that takes much longer than reading data from RAM RAM access time is in nanoseconds; hard disk access time is in milliseconds

11. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware11 Assignment Define and discuss the following types of memory –PROM –EPROM –EEPROM

12. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware12 Input/Output (I/O) Any operation, program, or device that transfers data to or from a computer Some devices are only input, some are only output and some act as both

13. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware13 Input Devices Mouse Keyboard Scanner Trackball Joystick Touch pad Light pen Digital camera Webcam

14. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware14 Output Devices A piece of hardware which a machine, typically a computer, uses to present information to the user Can show any amount of information and any kind of information – sound, data, memory, images, etc

15. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware15 Output Devices Printer Earphones Speakers Monitors Projectors

16. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware16 Devices That Act As Both Modems Network cards Hard disks Diskettes Writable CD-ROMS

17. COMP 6005 Computer Fundamentals - Session Two: Computer Hardware17 Assignment Choose three devices that act as input, output and as both types of devices Discuss their operations