1. EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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2. OVERVIEW What is Embedded System? Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers
Applications of Embedded systems.
Microcontrollers from different vendors.
Development requirement.
Demo for a circuit design using microcontroller and simulator.
Discussion.
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3. What is Embedded system
Embedded Systems
Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller
Microcontroller (MCU)
An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports
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4. Embedded System General Block Diagram
sensor
actuator
Microcontroller
(uC)
Sensor conditioning
sensor
Output interfaces
indicator
sensor
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5. Microprocessors Vs Microcontrollers
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6. Microprocessor Microcontroller General purpose computer.
System oriented computer.
Single chip computer.
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7. Microprocessor-Based Systems
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8. MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept
CONTROL
ADDRESS
DATA
CPU
contains
CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers
BOOT ROM
Used at startup
Instruction (program) ROM
Transducers
Keyboard Screen UART Parallel interface
etc
Data RAM
Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to
Interact with outside world
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9. Issues with external devices
Many pins
Mechanical failure rates increased
Design time increased – routing issues
Cost increased, board size increased
Continually redesigning same thing
Compatibility between parts
Upgrade part
Many similar options between different projects
In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility”
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10. Microcontrollers
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11. Block Diagram
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ELEC 330

12. MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept
ADDRESS
DATA
CPU
contains
CCU ALU data registers and pointer registers
BOOT ROM
Used at startup
Instruction (program) ROM
Transducers
UART Parallel interface
Etc
Data RAM
Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources
“inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications
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13. MCU-Based Time and Temperature System
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14. MCU-Based Systems
Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip
Buses are generally not available to a system designer
I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions
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15. Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR
Pin count down
Design time down, Board layout size down
Upgrade path easier – matching between peripherals for speed
Cost down – bulk purchases
Reliability up
Common software / hardware design environment available from manufacturer
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16. Applications of Embedded Systems
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17. Why Important? Embedded Inside: Billions of units Automotive systems
Airplanes
Toys
Medical Devices
Furniture
Billions of units
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18. Examples: Car Door
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19. Embedded Applications
Networking, intelligent control
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20. ANTI-LOCK BRAKES Master Cylinder Assembly Pressure Valve Speed
Sensor
Dump/Vent Valve
Anti Lock
Anti-Lock
Brake Module
12 V
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21. Examples: Refrigerator
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22. Sensing and actuation devices in embedded applications
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23. Embedded Applications
Signal sensing/data acquisition – data processing & data storing
– actuation – data communication (networking)
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24. Examples: Electronic Ping-pong
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25. Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle
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26. Embedded Applications
Networking
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27. Embedded Systems
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28. Real Time Control Must be able to respond
predictably and in a known amount of time
Environment cannot wait for microcontroller to respond.
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29. What is Real Time?
“A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred.”
- Donald Gillies
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30. What is Real Time?
“Real time in operating systems: The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time.”
- POSIX Standard
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31. Hard vs. Soft Real Time Hard Soft guaranteed worst-case response times
absolutely, positively, first time every time
Soft
Kinda, sorta, usually
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32. Who are the Embedded OS players?
Wind River Systems
VxWorks
pSOS
QNX Software Systems
QNX
Green Hills Software
Integrity
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33. Who are the Embedded OS players?
Mentor Graphics
VRTX
Palm Computing
PalmOS
Symbian
SymbianOS
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34. Microsoft Embedded NT/XP Windows CE (CE.NET) Pocket PC 2002
“Real-time” control
Windows CE (CE.NET)
Internet devices
Pocket PC 2002
Handheld PC’s and PDA’s
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35. Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance
From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000
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36. Common Microcontrollers
Atmel
ARM
Intel
8-bit
8XC42
MCS48
MCS51
8xC251
16-bit
MCS96
MXS296
National Semiconductor
COP8
Microchip
12-bit instruction PIC
14-bit instruction PIC
PIC16F84
16-bit instruction PIC
NEC
Motorola
8-bit
68HC05
68HC08
68HC11
16-bit
68HC12
68HC16
32-bit
683xx
Texas Instruments
TMS370
MSP430
Zilog Z8
Z86E02
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37. What you need PIC C/ASM Compiler PIC Programmer MPLAB IDE
Free
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38. What is the Process ? Write you program Compile your program
MPLAB
C or ASM
Compile your program
CCS PCM
Transfer your program
Puts HEX file into the PIC
Use PICSTART and MPLAB
“Burns your app into the PIC”
Insert your PIC
Face pin 1 to resistor
Power it Up
Connect 9V Battery
Debug your program
Never works a the first time
Repeat step 1
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39. Summary
An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function.
The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor adapted for embedded control applications.
Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor core, memory and peripherals.
Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their microcontrollers.
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