1. lecture 11

2. 1. History of microprocessor. 2.The IBM and IBM-Compatible Personal Computers. 3.Evolution of the INTEL Microprocessor Architecture. lecture 1 2

3. Most important advances in computer technology - 16-bit and 32-bit microprocessors Pioneered by Intel since 1970’s and dominated by INTEL since 1980’s.  4-bit 4004 in 1971  8-bit 8008 in 1972  8-bit 8080 and 8085 in 1974  16-bit 8088 and 8086, brains of famous IBM PC  32-bit 80286 (1982), 80386 (1985), 80486 (1989), Pentium (1993), Pentium II (1997), Celeron and Pentium III (1999)  and Pentium 4 (2000)  64-bit Itanium (2001)  Latest 64-bit Pentium 4 and Xeon (2005) lecture 13

4. The original IBM personal computer  August 1981 - IBM announces the PC  Intel 8088 CPU, 4.77 MHz  IBM PC-DOS (Microsoft MS-DOS)  floppy disk drives (later double-sided 360K) lecture 14

5. PCXT personal computer  The XT stands for EXtended Technology and was introduced in early 1983.  8088 processor running at the ubiquitous 4.77Mhz.  128KB-640KB Memory (Depending on Configuration).  5.25" Floppy Drive (360KB), 10 or 20MB Hard Disk Drive. lecture 15

6.  6 or 8 Mhz 80286 microprocessor  Open system bus architecture – 16-bit ISA (Industrial Standard Architecture)  1.2MB 5.25" Floppy, 20 or 30MB HDD lecture 16

7.  IBM introduces the PS/2 Model 25 in 1987 with an 8-MHz  Intel 8086. socket for optional i8087 math oprocessor, PS/2 ports, serial and parallel ports, audio and earphone connector.  New Micro Channel bus architecture (16/32 bits).  Later expanded with Model 25, 55, 65, 90, 95. lecture 17

8.  Pentium processor-based PC/AT-compatible computer  Either ISA bus or Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) bus.  PCI bus support 32-bit and 64-bit data transfers. lecture 18

9. 9

10.  1971 Intel introduces its first microprocessor, the 4004, which contained 2250 transistors. The 4004 was designed to process data arranged as 4-bit words.  Beginning in 1974 a second generation of microprocessors was introduced. These devices, the 8008, 8080, and 8085, were 8- bit microprocessors. lecture 110

11.  In 1965 Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors in a microprocessor will double every 18 months and this trend will hold till 1975… lecture 111

12. lecture 112

13. Search about microprocessors produced by Intel in the last 6 years and applied moore’s law on them. lecture 113

14. 1. What is meant by the term open system? 2. What does PC/AT stand for? 3. What does ISA stand for? lecture 114

15. 1- Walter A. Triebel, Avtar Singh The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors. lecture 115