1. Components: Hardware Part 1
INF550/NZDB550
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2. Objectives
To understand the processing and storage components in computers with relation to business use of computers

3. Revision
What are the components which make up a Computerised Information System?

4. Components And of course, the Users Hardware Part 1 INF550 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section 1.2, Figure 1.3
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5. Question
Why do business students need to know about computer hardware?
Surely the IT people will worry about this?

6. Why knowledge of Hardware is Important
Hardware Part 1
Why knowledge of Hardware is Important
You will be using it in your careers
You should have input into what type of hardware you need to perform your job efficiently and effectively as you are the user
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from retrieved 6 February 2014
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7. Question
What is hardware?

8. Hardware Part 1
Hardware
Devices which accept, process, and display data and information
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Input Technologies – next week
Output Technologies – next week
Communication Technologies – later in the course
From Week 1 slide show
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9. Strategic Hardware Issues
Hardware Part 1
Strategic Hardware Issues
Hardware keeps improving
As soon as hardware is purchased, it is obsolete!!
It is becoming smaller, cheaper, faster and more powerful all the time
For tax purposes most is depreciated over 4 years
A balance is needed between waiting for new technology and buying now
Is the price of waiting for new improved technology tomorrow outweighed by using less efficient technology today
Sources:
IRD rates retrieved 6 February 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.1 retrieved 6 February 2014
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10. Types of Computers

11. Computer Hierarchy Supercomputers Mainframe Computers
Hardware Part 1
Computer Hierarchy
Supercomputers
Fastest computers available at a given time
used by large organisations to manipulate very large sets of data
Mainframe Computers
Used where thousands of users are accessing the computer simultaneously
Eg airline reservation system, large ecommerce websites like Amazon
Midrange C0mputers
Also known as minicomputers
Type of server that supports computer networks and enable users to share files etc
We are not interested in these types of computers – this is where the IT department are involved
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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12. Server Computers which provide a variety of services to the client
Hardware Part 1
Server
Computers which provide a variety of services to the client
Run the network
Process web sites and
Client – the user of the system
Computers which users preform tasks on eg Word Processing, Spreadsheets etc
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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13. Microcomputers – the PC
Hardware Part 1
Microcomputers – the PC
Smallest and least expensive
Desktop PCs
Thin-Client Systems
Laptop and Notebook Computers
Netbooks
Tablet Computers
This is the type of computer assignment 1 is based around
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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14. Desktop PCs Everyday computer used in homes and businesses Includes
Hardware Part 1
Desktop PCs
Everyday computer used in homes and businesses
Includes
CPU
Separate but connected monitor
Separate but connected keyboard
Have gigabytes of primary storage
Rewriteable CD-ROM and DVD drives
Few terabytes of secondary storage
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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15. Hardware Part 1
Thin-Client Systems
Desktop computers which don’t offer the full functionality of a Desktop PC
Tend to access software from the server over the network rather than have it installed on the local system
Fast to deploy and lower cost of ownership
If the network fails, user can not do anything
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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16. Laptop and Notebook Computers
Hardware Part 1
Laptop and Notebook Computers
Small lightweight portable microcomputers
Provide same type of processing power as desktops
Tend to be more expensive than the desktop computer
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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17. Netbook Very small, lightweight and portable computer
Hardware Part 1
Netbook
Very small, lightweight and portable computer
Generally optimised for internet bases services like web browsing and .
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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18. Tablet Computers Complete computer contained in a flat touch screen
Hardware Part 1
Tablet Computers
Complete computer contained in a flat touch screen
Can be operated by touch rather than using a separate keyboard and mouse.
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.3 retrieved 6 February 2014
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19. Components of a Computer
The CPU

20. Central Processing Unit - CPU
Hardware Part 1
Central Processing Unit - CPU
The brains of the computer
Manipulates the data
Controls the tasks performed by the other components
Microprocessor made up of millions of microscopic transistors embedded in a circuit on a silicon wafer (or chip)
Moore’s Law
1965 prediction made that microprocessor complexity would double about every 2 years
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1 retrieved 6 February 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section 1.5 retrieved 6 February 2014
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21. Parts of a Microprocessor
Hardware Part 1
Parts of a Microprocessor
Program Instructions
Directs flow of data
Performs arithmetic and logical operations
Using binary data
Transformed data
Input Data
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Figure TG1.2 Section 1.5 retrieved 6 February 2014
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22. How the CPU Works Hardware Part 1 INF550 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG 1.5
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23. Is the CPU Clock Speed Important?
Hardware Part 1
Is the CPU Clock Speed Important?
Not really as different processor families perform at different rates so should only compare clock speed for CPUs in the same family
Source: retrieved 7 February 2014
Processor Family
CPU Clock speed – how many clock cycles per second can be performed
Chip Name
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24. Hardware Part 1
There are 10 types of people, those who understand binary and those who don’t!
Convert text to binary
ASCII table
What is Unicode?
ASCII ALT Codes - Hold ALT down and type 0189 = ½
ASCII is quite handy and you can access special characters quickly though it. For example ½ can be quickly typed by holding down ALT and typing 0189 which is much faster than accessing special characters in word. The £ pound is ALT
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25. Types of Chips 32 bit v 64 bit Processors Multi-Core Chips
Hardware Part 1
Types of Chips
32 bit v 64 bit Processors
Amount of RAM computer can use
32 bit limited to 4GB, 64 bit effectively limitless
64 bit allows
larger calculations to be made faster
Faster input and output speeds
Multi-Core Chips
A chip with 2 or more CPUs working together
Advanced Processor Units (APU’s)
Combining multiple CPU and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) cores in 1 chip for better multimedia functionality
32 bit processor can hold 2^32 bytes of RAM – approx 4GB
64 bit processor can hold 2^64 bytes of RAM – approx 1 billion GB
Source:
retrieved 7 February 2014
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26. Today’s Processors Hardware Part 1 INF550 2014
This slide created by Lee Harper NMIT Listing current processors as of March 2013, differs from the text book which seems to circa 2009 and very out of date.
Two main manufactures of processors. Intel (82.3% market share, AMD (17.0% market share). - as of end of 2012 AMD often more innovative than Intel, first to bring 64-bit processors to the market (2004 – Intel got there in 2006), currently first to develop APU’s (2010) and currently the first with 16 cores (2011). The remaining 0.7% market share is made up of VIA processors which are only used in very low powered budget devices such as cheap tablets. “Turbo Boost” allows the Core i5 to automatically over-lock itself (speed it’s Ghz up) for a short period if the computer is experiencing a heavy workload.
This makes the Core i5 great for people like accountants who occasionally need to run larger reports say once or twice a week.
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27. Components of a Computer
Storage

28. Computer Memory Basics
Hardware Part 1
Computer Memory Basics
Source: retrieved 7 February 2014
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29. Hardware Part 1
Primary Storage
Temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing
Data to be processed by the CPU
Instructions for the CPU on how to process the data
Operating system programs to manage the computer operations
Contained in chips on the motherboard
Types
Register
Cache
RAM
ROM
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1 retrieved 6 February 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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30. Registers and Cache Register Cache Part of the CPU
Hardware Part 1
Registers and Cache
Register
Part of the CPU
Holds minimal amounts of instructions and data immediately before and after processing
Cache
High speed memory storing temporary blocks of frequently used data
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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31. RAM Random Access Memory Holds Temporary and volatile
Hardware Part 1
RAM
Random Access Memory
Holds
software program being used
small amounts of data for processing
Temporary and volatile
Content lost when power is lost
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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32. Hardware Part 1
ROM
Read Only Memory
Contains critical instructions – BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
Initial start up (boot) instructions
Set date and time etc
Non-volatile
Can not be changed
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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33. Secondary Storage Stores data and programs for future use Non-volatile
Hardware Part 1
Secondary Storage
Stores data and programs for future use
Non-volatile
Takes longer to retrieve data from it than from RAM
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1 retrieved 6 February 2014
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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34. Types Magnetic Tape Hard Drive Solid State Drives CD-ROM DVD Blu-Ray
Hardware Part 1
Types
Magnetic Tape
Hard Drive
Solid State Drives
CD-ROM
DVD
Blu-Ray
Flash Memory Cards
Flash Drives
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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35. Bits, Bytes, Kilobytes bit = 0 or 1 (bit  binary unit) byte = 8 bits
Hardware Part 1
Bits, Bytes, Kilobytes
bit = 0 or 1 (bit  binary unit)
byte = 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 bytes (2^10)
Average page of text contains 2000 bytes
Megabyte (MB) = approx. 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (GB) = approx. 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (TB) = approx. 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte = approx terabytes
Exabyte = approx petabytes
Zettabyte = approx exabytes
Source: Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1.5 retrieved 7 February 2014
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36. Finding Out About Your Computer
Hardware Part 1
Finding Out About Your Computer
Finding out about your computer – go to control panel and find System.
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37. References
Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section 1.2, Figure 1.3
Rainer, R. K., & Cegielski, C. G. (2012). Introduction to information systems: supporting and transforming business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved from Section TG1 retrieved 6 February 2014

38. References Continued
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