1. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Computer Performance & Storage Devices Computer Technology

2. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Computer Performance

3. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Boot Process Sequence of events that occurs between the time you turn on a computer and the time that it becomes ready to accept commands. Purposes Runs a diagnostic test to make sure everything is working. Loading the operating system, so the computer can carry out basic operations.

4. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 6 events of the boot process: Power up Start boot program Power-on self-test Identify peripheral devices Load operation system Check configuration and customization

5. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Circuits The path from one component of a computer to another that data uses to travel. Circuits run between RAM and the microprocessor. RAM and various storage devices.

6. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Silicon Chip Silicon is melted sand. What the circuits are embedded into to keep them together.

7. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Megahertz (mHz) A measurement used to describe the speed of the system clock. A megahertz is equal to one million cycles (or pulses) per second. 1.3 MHz means that the microprocessor’s clock operates at a speed of 1.3 MILLION cycles per second.

8. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Pentium Name of the CPU. Pentium is the 5th generation of the Intel processor. Other generations were called 80-88 286 386 486

9. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 RAM vs. ROM RAM “Random Access Memory” The ability of a storage device to go directly to a specific storage location without having to search sequentially from a beginning location. Very volatile Cannot hold data when the power is off. Looses all data when power is lost. ROM “Read only memory” Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new data on them. One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process.

10. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Binary Number System A method for representing letters or numbers using only two digits, 0 and 1. Bit Each 0 or 1 Byte 8 bits Also referred to as Base 2 Binary Code.

11. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Memory Measurements Bit Each 0 or 1 Byte 8 bits Kilobyte Approximately 1,000 bytes Exactly 1,024 bytes Megabyte Approximately 1 million bytes Exactly 1,048,576 bytes Gigabyte Approximately 1 billion bytes Terabyte Approximately 1 trillion bytes

12. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Storage Devices Used to keep data when the power to the computer is turned off. Medium/media Location where data is stored.

13. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Hard Disk Usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit. Can store billions of characters of data. Stated in forms of bytes: Megabytes or Gigabytes

14. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Magnetic Storage Recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing particles of an oxide based surface coating. A fairly permanent type of storage that can be modified.

15. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Floppy Disk Round piece of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective covering. May be referred to as a “floppy”. 3½ disk capacity is 1.44 MB or 1,440,000 bytes

16. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Floppy Disk Options Formatted Preparing the disk for use by the computer. Write-protected Setting the disk so that it can not be written to by the computer.

17. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Zip Disk Floppy disk technology manufactured by Iomega. Available in 100 MB and 250 MB versions.

18. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Digital Audio Tape Method of storing large amounts of data on tape using helical scan technology to write data at high densities across the tape at an angle.

19. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 Optical Storage Means of recording data as light and dark spots on CD or DVD. Reading is done through a low-power laser light. Pits Dark spots Lands Lighter, non-spotted surface areas

20. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 CD-ROM “CD – Read Only Memory” Also called CD-R CD-Read Storage device that uses laser technology to read data that is permanently stored on compact disks, cannot be used to write data to a disk.

21. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 CD-RW “CD-Read Write” A storage device that reads data from CD’s and also can write data to CD’s. Similar to a CD-ROM, but has the ability to write to CD.

22. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003 DVD-ROM “Digital Video Disks – Read Only Memory” Reads data from CD’s (audio and data) and DVD’s (data or movie)

23. Flash Memory Early 1980s, was invented by an employee of Toshiba (a Japanese company) The name ‘flash’ was suggested because of the way information is erased from the memory chip – similar to a camera’s flash bulb Because of the restriction from binary addresses, memory sizes usually have followed the standard being exponential multiples of 2 M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003

24. Flash Memory In 2005, Toshiba and Sandisk created a flash memory chip capable of holding 1 gigabyte of data. Later, that same year, they developed a 2 gig memory chip. March of 2006, a 4 gigabyte chip was introduced and in September, an 8gig was available. In 2008, the 16gig and 32gig were created. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003

25. Flash Memory As of 2012, some companies have been introducing 64 gig, 128 gigs and 256 gigs. Recently, due to the improvements of flash memory, computers are being developed with flash memory to replace hard drives. Some announcements have been made that Flash memory might even replace standard RAM memory chips, although currently, the speed of Flash is still slower than RAM. M. Guymon - Pleasant Grove High - Spring 2003

26. Resources Parsons, June Jamrich, and Dan Oja. Computer Concepts. Boston: Course Technology - Thompson Learning, 2002.