1. Computational Models of Discourse Analysis Carolyn Penstein Rosé Language Technologies Institute/ Human-Computer Interaction Institute

2. Warm-Up What is your frame-style analysis of this interaction?  What frames do you see, and what is the evidence that evokes those frames in your mind? Questions to consider:  What is a metaphor according to Lakoff, and how does that relate to Tannen’s notion of a frame?  Is metaphor a linguistic construct? Or would you characterize it differently?  Do metaphors structure language, or do they reflect a structure that arises from something else?  How do the ideas of metaphor and frame relate to the other linguistic analysis frameworks we have discussed?

3. How do metaphors structure experience? How does something become a metaphor we live by? At what point does the idea of a metaphor as a structuring device become vacuous?

4. What is a frame? Is there anything more specific about what a frame is than the notion of expectation? How do we find evidence of expectations in a text?  Examples from the Pear Heist movie example What was different between the frames evoked in the American recountings of the movie versus the Greek ones? Tannen: …people approach the world not as naïve, blank-slate receptacles who take in stimuli as they exist in some independent and objective way, but rather as experienced and sophisticated veterans of perception who have stored their prior experiences as “an organized mass” and who see events and objects in the world in relation to one another and in relation to their prior experience. This prior experience or organized knowledge then takes the form of expectations about the world, and in the vast majority of cases, the world, being a systematic place, confirms these expectations, saving the individual the trouble of figuring things out anew all the time. What is the danger in this pointed out by Wantanabe wrt intercultural communication?

5. How does the notion of a frame inform our analysis of turn taking? What is a turn:  Syntactic units: sentences, clauses, noun phrases  Prosody: intonation tells us where we are in “the arc” of communicating an idea  Indicators of whose turn is next: gaze, names, etc.  Projectability: we need to be able to identify places where control over the floor could shift – doesn’t mean it will shift.

6. Connection with last time: Student quote: I guess what I'm trying to say is that one feature of the interpersonal dependence should be their relative rank (I understand that this is hard because a younger sister may be the boss of an older brother in the workplace, but they are ranked higher in some cultures at home). How does this connect with the idea of framing we see in the Watanabe chapter?

7. What would be the frame spin on this? Student quote: Of course, then the problem becomes, how do we define what these roles are? When do we assign someone to one role or another? When do we allow people to shift from one role to another? What happens when multiple people are acting in the same role at the same time? All of these things make that modeling enormously complex and probably reliant on far more data than is actually available, especially annotated. …

8. More Discussion What is a metaphor according to Lakoff, and how does that relate to Tannen’s notion of a frame?  Are there aspects of frames that don’t fit the idea of a metaphor? Is metaphor a linguistic construct? Or would you characterize it differently?  If it’s not linguistic, how do we use it? Do metaphors structure language, or do they reflect a structure that arises from something else? How do the ideas of metaphor and frame relate to the other linguistic analysis frameworks we have discussed?

9. For next time

10. Questions?