1. THE WEST Indian Policy Settling the West Farmers Turner’s Frontier Thesis

2. Native Americans Indian Culture and History Indian Culture and History Tribal preservation or integration? Tribal preservation or integration? Great Sioux War of 1865-1867 Great Sioux War of 1865-1867 –Gold miners build the Bozeman Trail Indian Peace Commission: “civilize,” Indian Peace Commission: “civilize,” –Black Hills and Oklahoma reservations –Buffalo Soldiers, Battle of Little Bighorn Dawes Act: Land distribution of 160 acres Dawes Act: Land distribution of 160 acres Buffalo Slaughter Buffalo Slaughter Opening of Oklahoma 1889 Opening of Oklahoma 1889 Return to the reservation system 1934 Return to the reservation system 1934

3. Red Cloud: Sioux Chief

4. Deerskin Shirt

5. Battle of Little Bighorn

6. Sitting Bull w/ Buffalo Bill

7. SETTLEMENT OF THE WEST Why did they “Go West?” Why did they “Go West?” To own land, farm, mine, ranch, business, To own land, farm, mine, ranch, business, –Escape cities, health, religious freedom 1849 Gold Rush: $200 m in 4 years, 1849 Gold Rush: $200 m in 4 years, –200,000 go to CA, mining, the Or. & CA Trail Land Grants: Homestead Act of 1862 Land Grants: Homestead Act of 1862 –160 acres for $10, Railroads Wild West: territorial governments Wild West: territorial governments Immigration: Exclusion Act of 1882 Immigration: Exclusion Act of 1882

8. Covered Wagon: 4 to 6 months, walking 15 hours a day.

9. Panning for Gold

10. Goldhill, Nevada

11. Farming and Ranching Cattle Bonanza: The vaqueros Cattle Bonanza: The vaqueros –The cattle drive, Abilene, end of era –Refrigerated Rail Cars, Barbed wire Farming on the Plains: 1860 2 m. farms, Farming on the Plains: 1860 2 m. farms, –1900 6 m., Difficult, Surpluses, 1900 40% farmers. The Grange: started as social org, The Grange: started as social org, –Political active: cooperatives, grain elevators, –Warehouses, insurance. Root of Alliance & Populists Mechanization: reapers, plows, 900 companies Mechanization: reapers, plows, 900 companies

12. Cattle drive

13. The Frontier Thesis Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893 Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893 –Frontier closes in 1890 What effect did the frontier have on American culture and society? Why are we different from Europe? What effect did the frontier have on American culture and society? Why are we different from Europe? Culture: Hard working, individualistic, self- reliant, democratic, classless, inventive, violent, fiercely protective of private property. Culture: Hard working, individualistic, self- reliant, democratic, classless, inventive, violent, fiercely protective of private property.