1. 11 Mainstreaming Gender for Equitable Disaster Recovery Session 3 World Bank Institute Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

2. 22 Gender mainstreaming in the disaster context  Recap: gender mainstreaming  Process of gender mainstreaming Technical Political  Results of gender mainstreaming Improved recovery outcome Social transformation Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

3. 33 Analytical framework for gender focus in DRM Gender perspective allows to:  Learn the differential impact of emergencies determined by needs and roles  Understand the post-disaster changes in access to and control of resources  Identify and develop the strategic capabilities of men and women Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

4. 44 The five-step mainstreaming process  Background, goals and objectives Who are the stakeholders? Issues related to disaster risk reduction for all gender groups Moving towards gender equality goals and objectives  Information and analysis Mapping the situation: What information do we have? Gender research and analysis  Formulation and implementation Formulating policy or project intervention Arguing the case: Gender matters!  Monitoring and evaluation Monitoring: Keeping a gender-sensitive eye on things Evaluation: How did we do?  Communication Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

5. 5 Gender analytical tools: gender mapping 5 Sector and/or Policy MattersIssues Gender QuestionsDo men and women have equal access to relief post disaster? What are the effects of gender imbalance? What do we know? Indicators (quantitative and qualitative) Available research reports Government program Government policy/ legislation NGO projects Donors’ activities  Helps to create inventory of the available information  Indicates the areas which requires further gender analysis and investigation Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

6. 6 Gender analytical tools: gender diagnosis 6 Access and control Men’s and women’s needs Policy approaches Gender roles analysis Who has what? What are the differences between men’s and women’s vulnerability profiles? Who needs what? Practical gender approaches? Strategic gender approaches? How are men’s and women’s needs met? Who has access to what? Who has control over what? Is reduction of gender inequality a goal? Who participates in what, with whom, how, where, when, and to what end? Formulation of objectives What needs will be met? Whose needs will be met? What opportunities exist to meet them? What constraints hinder meeting them? Who does what? How? Where? When? With Whom? Who could be capable of doing what? Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

7. 7 Gender analytical tools: gender analysis  A process of understanding the different activities and responsibilities of women and men and their access to and control over resources and decisions  Principles  Targeting Macro, meso, micro levels  Strategic, practical and special needs  Application in three contexts: Development, livelihood, stakeholder concerns Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

8. 88 Gender analytical tools: policy map  Policy mapping helps to evaluate the extent to which gender concerns are reflected in policies and programs At each administrative level, policies can be grouped as: Disaster specific policies having a gender aspect General policies on gender Policies can be mapped and categorised on the basis of: Locus of responsibility at each administrative/ institutional level Status (whether it is existing or not in place) How gender mainstreaming is to be undertaken  It systematically identifies progress areas and provides guidance for policy reform Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

9. 99 Gender analytical tools: policy map example National government In placeMissing Disaster policy Guidelines for mainstreaming gender in disaster management under preparation Gender-sensitive preparedness framework Joint titling of houses built with government aid Crisis team blueprint to include Chief Gender Equality Officer Gender-equitable compensation rates and categories – but shortcomings in execution Police and judiciary to receive gender- sensitive training for the disaster context General policy National ID registryOffice for Gender Equality to participate in development, incl. disaster management, with authority Equal property ownership and inheritance legislation; equal wage legislation Compliance with gender-sensitive legislation and policy to be monitored Gender-sensitive training across departmentsGender budgeting in government departments Policy map for Thailand in the post-tsunami period, 2007 (excerpt) Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

10. 10 Gender analytical tools: institutional review, Tamil Nadu, India 10 TN State government Revenue Administration, Disaster Management and Mitigation Department State Relief Commissioner; State Disaster Plan Social Welfare Department Rural Development Department, etc District Collector District Contingency Plan State civil service Urban local government Rural local government Local Government Green arrows represent the flow of information. Red arrows represent the flow of decision-making & executive power Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

11. 11 Formulating strategy for mainstreaming 11  Without advance preparation, post-disaster situation present dilemmas of urgency  Strategy needs to address short term practical concerns as well as long term strategic interests Physiological needs (food, breathing) Safety (employment, health, property) Belonging (family, friends) Esteem Self- actualisation Survival rates and rescue priorities; nutrition, medicine, reproductive health, clothing Safety (domestic/sexual violence); livelihoods, compensation, housing Self help groups; domestic violence/alcoholism counseling Equal political participation Full gender mainstreaming Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

12. 12 Policies: short-term practical concerns 12  Short term, practical gender needs Identified by women and men A consequence of socially defined roles But addressing them does not challenge socially defined roles  Within specific context such as Preparedness Relief Recovery Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

13. 13 Policies: long-term strategic concerns 13  Strategic needs rooted in gender inequalities Division of labor Factor and products market Legal status Participation  Context specific Preparedness Relief Reconstruction Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

14. 14 Challenges in mainstreaming gender in broader risk reduction 14  Little interest in ‘institutionalizing’ gender mainstream before disaster  Little attention to strengthening ‘gender infrastructure’ for mainstreaming  Unaccountable organizational structure for gender mainstreaming and gender equity Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

15. 15 Summing up: five key messages 15  Gender is not only about vulnerability, it is also about capacity  Effective gender mainstreaming into disaster reconstruction and recovery starts before the disaster  The aftermath of disaster can allow changes to be up-scaled, expanded and deepened  Coordination of information flow and allocation of responsibilities are key instruments in effective recovery  Disaster recovery and reconstruction should not only be managed for the benefit of those affected, but also by the beneficiaries themselves. Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction