1. Exercise: Tactical grammar construction for generation Construct a systemic-functional grammar that can generate (at least) the following sentences: 1.John saw Mary. 2.Did John see Mary? 3.Mary was seen by John. 4.The woman saw John. 5.The ball is green. 6.The woman saw the green ball. 7.The woman saw the ball that was green. Think of the semantics involved in each case, too.

2. Steps to a solution (1): constructing the network 1.Consider the linguistic functions of each clause 2.Consider the linguistic functions of each of the constituents of each clause 3.Consider which constituent-functions reoccur in different clauses 4.Consider in which orders and in which combinations the constituent-functions occur

3. Clause functions 1.John saw Mary. 2.Did John see Mary? 3.Mary was seen by John. 4.The woman saw John. 5.The ball is green. 6.The woman saw the green ball. 7.The woman saw the ball that was green. Statement Yes-no-question Statement

4. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question

5. Constituent functions 1.[John] saw [Mary]. 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4.[The woman] saw [John]. 5.[The ball] is [green]. 6.[The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7.[The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement

6. Constituent functions 1.[John] saw [Mary]. 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4.[The woman] saw [John]. 5.[The ball] is [green]. 6.[The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7.[The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement

7. Constituent functions [John] saw [Mary]. [The woman] saw [John]. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green].

8. Constituent functions [John] saw [Mary]. [The woman] saw [John]. [The woman] saw [the green ball]. [The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. The one who senses something The entity of phenomenon sensed SenserPhenomenon

9. Constituent functions saw SenserPhenomenon [John] [Mary] Process [The woman] [John] [the green ball] [the ball that was green]

10. Constituent functions SenserPhenomenon Process +Senser +Process +Phenomenon Senser^Process Process^Phenomenon

11. Constituent functions saw SenserPhenomenon [John] [Mary] Process [The woman] [John] [the green ball] [the ball that was green]

12. Constituent functions ! saw Senser Phenomenon [John] [Mary] [the green ball] [the ball that was green] Process [The woman] NP / nominal groups

13. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Process +Phenomenon

14. Constituent functions 1.[John] saw [Mary]. 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4.[The woman] saw [John]. 5.[The ball] is [green]. 6.[The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7.[The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement

15. Constituent functions 1.[John] saw [Mary]. 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]]. 4.[The woman] saw [John]. 5.[The ball] is [green]. 6.[The woman] saw [the green ball]. 7.[The woman] saw [the ball that was green]. Statement

16. Constituent functions 5.[The ball] is [green]. ?? Process is

17. Constituent functions 5.[The ball] is [green]. ?? Process is The thing that carries some property The property that is attributed CarrierAttribute

18. Constituent functions ! is Carrier Attribute [green] Process [The ball] NP / nominal groupsAdjectival phrase / Adjective

19. A first ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Process +Phenomenon

20. A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Process +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Process +Attribute

21. A second ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process

22. Constituent functions 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]].

23. Constituent functions 3.[Mary] was seen [by [John]]. ?? Process was seen The entity of phenomenon sensed The one who senses something PhenomenonSenser

24. Grammatical proportionalities John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John :: The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman :: John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John :: [active clause] : [passive clause]

25. Grammatical proportionalities John saw the ball : The ball was seen by John :: The woman saw the boy : The boy was seen by the woman :: John saw Mary : Mary was seen by John :: [active clause] : [passive clause] Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform

26. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process

27. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform

28. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Process Subject/Carrier

29. Clause functions 2.Did John see Mary? Yes-no-question

30. Clause functions 2.Did John see Mary? Yes-no-question Process Finite SenserPhenomenon Subject Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Finite^Subject

31. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Process Subject/Carrier +Subject

32. A third ‘decision point’ or grammatical system statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Process passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Finite Subject/Carrier Finite^Subject +Subject

33. One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 1 statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Subject +Process +Finite passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Finite Finite/Process Subject/Carrier Finite^Subject

34. One “micro-grammar” for the exercise clauses: version 2 statement Yes-no-question +Senser +Phenomenon sensing attributing +Carrier +Attribute +Subject +Process +Finite passive active Senser / Subject Process :: activeform Phenomenon / Subject Process :: passiveform Subject^Finite Finite/Process Subject/Carrier Finite^Subject

35. NP or nominal group functions [John] [Mary] [The woman] [the green ball] [the ball that was green] ? [the ball]