1. Chapter Two
A Living Planet

2. Section One: The Earth Inside & Out
The Solar System
consists of 8 planets
the sun
other celestial bodies
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegner said the continents slowly drifted apart through millions of years
Pangaea: supercontinent

3. The Earth’s Interior
Core
Inner
Outer
Mantle
Crust

4. On and Above the Earth
Lithosphere Hydrosphere
Atmosphere Biosphere

5. Section Two: Bodies of Water & Landforms
Oceans & Seas
One interconnected body of water
Covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface
Regulates temperatures
Divided into…
Atlantic
Arctic
Pacific
Indian
*Southern

6. Bodies of Water Ocean motion Hydrologic Cycle Currents Waves – wind
Tides – gravitational pull
Hydrologic Cycle
Draw and label the diagram

7. Landforms on pages 34-35

8. Section Three: Internal Forces Shaping the Earth
Tectonic Plates – enormous pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere

9. Plate Movement Movement Types Boundary Types (faults) Spreading
Sub-duction
Collision
Sliding (shearing)
Boundary Types (faults)
Divergent
Convergent
Transform

10. Earthquakes From transform boundaries (sliding)
Faults – Fractures in the crust
Epicenter- point above the focus
Seismograph – measures the size of waves produced
Create Tsunamis when the epicenter is on the ocean floor

11. Volcanoes From divergent or convergent boundaries
Magma – below the surface
Lava – above the surface
Ring of Fire: thousands of active volcanoes that surround the Pacific plate

12. Section Four: External Forces
Weathering
Mechanical – physical breakdown
Chemical – new substance formed (rust)
Erosion – from weathering
Water
Wind
Loess – wind blown silt and clay sediment
Gravity
Glacial – glaciers are formed by compacted snow layers

13. Soil Forming Factors
Parent material – original rock
Relief - elevation
Organisms – loosen the soil
Climate
Time to produce
Weathering and Erosion help form soil
Organic material (humus) helps productivity (fertilizes)