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Published byNickolas Edgcomb Modified over 9 years ago
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23 Chapter Sawing with Stationary Power Machines
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Objectives Select stationary power saws for making straight or curved cuts. Discuss the proper operation of stationary power saws. Choose the most appropriate saw blade for a given operation. Maintain stationary power equipment.
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Sawing with Stationary Power Machines
Fundamental operation in cabinetmaking Machines designed to cut straight-line or curved-line cuts Select safest appropriate saw for cut Choose most efficient if more than one is appropriate Prior instruction, experience on machine
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Safe and Efficient Operation
Disconnect power when changing blades, servicing Ensure blade is clean, sharp Install, adjust point-of-operation guards Support material before and after cut Feed material into saw properly Ensure dust collection is working
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Handedness Machine operations affected by which hand is used
Some operations may be reversed Others should be set up one way
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Sawing Straight Lines Standard operation in cabinetmaking
Blade selection critical Machines with circular blades best option Fences aid in guiding material for straight cut past blade
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw
Left- or right-tilting arbor Circular blade extends up through table Blade raising device Tilting device SawStop LLC
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Guiding Material
Rip fence Miter gauge Sliding table Jigs, accessories Patrick A. Molzahn Laguna Tools
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Blade Guard
Protect user from blade, flying debris Mount to table or saw-trunnion Splitter Anti-kickback pawls Overhead guard Riving knife SawStop LLC Patrick A. Molzahn
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Setup
Decide whether to use rip fence or miter gauge Set blade height Square blade
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Setting Blade Height and Squaring Blade
Patrick A. Molzahn Chuck Davis Cabinets
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Operating the Table Saw
Ripping Crosscutting Beveling Mitering Resawing cutting dados
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Ripping Lumber on the Table Saw
Cutting lumber along grain Set blade height Measure from fence to tooth set toward fence Ensure blade guard, riving knife or splitter in place Stock must have one flat face, one straight edge Stand to one side of blade
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Ripping Plywood on the Table Saw
Carbide-tipped blade Set blade Use guard and splitter Set fence Patrick A. Molzahn
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Crosscutting Lumber and Plywood on the Table Saw
Carbide-tipped blade Set blade height Guide material with miter gauge Crosscutting duplicate parts to length Stop with miter gauge Stop with rip fence Patrick A. Molzahn
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Sawing Nongrain Manufactured Products
Choose blade based on smoothness of cut required Wood veneered panels require same steps as solid lumber Panel saws equipped with scoring blades, preventing tearout
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Beveling Sawing with blade tilted Joint making, shaping
Set saw tilt angle with tilt scale, T-bevel, protractor, triangle Blade angled away from fence, miter gauge Patrick A. Molzahn
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Mitering Cutting angle using miter gauge Set blade square to table
Adjust miter gauge to required angle Prevent creeping Abrasive-covered wood auxiliary fence Patrick A. Molzahn
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Resawing Two or more pieces from one piece May require multiple passes
Keep same face against fence Side-mounted guard Chuck Davis Cabinets
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Ripping Narrow Strips Prone to kickback Two methods
Zero-clearance throat plate, push stick Position strip on offcut side of blade, stop block positioned before blade
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Cutting Dados, Ploughs Dado set Stacked set of blades, cut grooves
Dados cut perpendicular to grain Ploughs cut with grain
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Tilting Table Saw Table tilts Most operations same as tilting-arbor
Beveling is exception
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Panel Saws Horizontal or vertical Beam saw Scoring blades
Sliding table feeds material into blade Beam saw Cuts multiple sheets at one time Scoring blades Patrick A. Molzahn Casadei Busellato
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Radial Arm Saw Used to cut stock to length
Saw blade, blade guard, motor above table, mounted on yoke Sized according to blade diameters Delta International Machine Corp.
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Changing Radial Arm Saw Blades
Change when dull or for different operation Remove guard Secure motor Use wrenches to hold arbor or blade, loosen arbor nut Install new blade
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Radial Arm Saw Setup Wide range of adjustments
Elevation crank, arm, yoke, motor Only yoke moves during sawing Locked for ripping Monitor adjustments frequently
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Radial Arm Saw Crosscutting
Lock arm, yoke pivot, bevel at 0 Power off Align blade Back off blade, turn on Pull saw across board, saw back through kerf Saw off, wait for blade to stop completely Patrick A. Molzahn
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Crosscutting Multiple Parts
Clamp stop to fence Place workpiece against stop, make cut Attach stop to fence at desired length for wide material Patrick A. Molzahn
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Other Radial Arm Saw Setups
Mitering Rotate saw arm right or left to proper angle Kerfing Raise blade above table Beveling Motor and blade assembly tilt Protect table
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Sawing Curved Lines Band saws Scroll saws Relief cuts
Large radius curves, large components Scroll saws Small radii, curves Relief cuts Waste breaks loose Less chance blade will twist, break
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Band Saw Continuous, thin blade travels around wheels
Blade guide Guidepost Bottom wheel drives blade, top wheel can control blade tension, alignment Distance from blade to side frame is throat Delta International Machinery Corp.
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Band Saw Operation Plan sawing sequence Check setup
Cuts, workpiece to which side Check setup Adjustments, guard, locking devices Set up saw guard Check blade tension Patrick A. Molzahn
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Curved-Line Cutting on Band Saw
Cutting radius depends on blade width, set Relief cuts where direction changes Do not push workpiece against side of blade Patrick A. Molzahn
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Straight-Line Cutting on Band Saw
Requires guide Adjust for drift Miter gauge for cross cuts Cut narrow strips on band saw
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U-Shaped Cutting on Band Saw
Three sides of opening sawn Alternatives to relief cuts Saw sides straight Drill turn-around holes Bore inside corners with radius bit
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Beveling on Band Saw Table or head tilts
Set angle with scale or T-bevel Freehand or with guides
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Band Sawing Multiple Parts to Size
Stack, fasten workpieces together Make relief cuts Saw along cutting line Last two cuts should free parts from waste Use guide if necessary
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Resawing on Band Saw Use auxiliary fence or pivot block
Set given distance away from blade Mark thickness on board edge Cut in one pass Allow for drift Use push block last 3 Patrick A. Molzahn
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Scroll Saw Cuts small radius curves, interior openings Table can tilt
Blade held by two clamps, moves up, down Size based on throat depth Delta International Machinery Corp.
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Scroll Saw Blades and Setup
Three or more teeth in contact with material TPI varies Setup Adjust guidepost Adjust speed
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Scroll Saw Operation Outside cut Interior cut Beveling, scroll cuts
Pocket cuts Blade threaded through hole in workpiece Patrick A. Molzahn
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Selecting Blades Blade choice based on sawing operation
Inspect blade frequently Blade performance based on tooth design, chip load Chip load depends on number of teeth, size of gullet, speed of blade, rate of feed Chip load is factor for all blade types, styles
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Circular Blade Selection
Blade diameter Tooth design Hook angle Cutting edge shape Number of teeth Kerf width Arbor hole size
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Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
Diameter Defines tool size Hook angle Angle between tooth face and line from tooth tip to arbor Cutting edge Tooth shape or grinds
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Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
Number of teeth More teeth, smoother cut Determines performance in thin materials Kerf width Larger diameter blades create larger kerfs Arbor hole Larger on blades with larger diameter
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Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
Other considerations Gullet Flat, hollow ground, or thin rim blades Expansion slots
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Band Saw Blade Selection
Loop length Blade width Hardness Tooth shapes, blade set Blade material
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Scroll Saw Blade Selection
Standard blades cut in one direction Width , TPI vary Beveled teeth, alternate set Standard length 5″
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Maintaining Saw Blades
Keep sharp, free of rust and resin, teeth intact Inspect blades frequently for cracks, warp, missing teeth Clean with solvents Carbide-tipped blades need professional sharpening
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Maintaining Power Saws
Inspect Clean Adjust Lubricate Disconnect from power, lock out before servicing
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Table Saw Maintenance Ensure miter gauge slot and blade parallel
Check fence alignment Adjust using dial indicator Lubricate handwheels Ensure belts tracking correctly Keep motors free of sawdust Keep table free of rust
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Table Saw Maintenance
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Radial Arm Saw Maintenance
Lubricate all moving parts Check table and fence alignments Level table Patrick A. Molzahn
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Band Saw Maintenance Ensure proper blade tension Adjust blade tracking
Adjust spacing between blade and side guide, thrust bearing Coil blade for storage Patrick A. Molzahn
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Scroll Saw Maintenance
Select proper blade guide and blade Set proper tension Check lubricating oil level
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