1. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM

2. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Read-Write Memories (RAM)

3. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM 6-transistor CMOS SRAM Cell

4. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM CMOS SRAM Analysis (Write)

5. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM CMOS SRAM Analysis (Read)

6. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM 1-Transistor DRAM Cell

7. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM DRAM Cell Observations

8. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM 1-T DRAM Cell

9. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Advanced 1T DRAM Cells Cell Plate Si Capacitor Insulator Storage Node Poly 2nd Field Oxide Refilling Poly Si Substrate Trench Cell Stacked-capacitor Cell Capacitor dielectric layer Cell plate Word line Insulating Layer IsolationTransfer gate Storage electrode

10. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Periphery

11. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Row Decoders Collection of 2 M complex logic gates Organized in regular and dense fashion (N)AND Decoder NOR Decoder

12. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Dynamic Decoders

13. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM 4 input pass-transistor based column decoder

14. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM 4-to-1 tree based column decoder

15. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Sense Amplifiers

16. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Differential Sensing - SRAM

17. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Latch-Based Sense Amplifier

18. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Open bitline architecture

19. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM DRAM Read Process with Dummy Cell

20. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Open Bit-line Architecture —Cross Coupling

21. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Alpha-particles

22. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Yield Yield curves at different stages of process maturity (from [Veendrick92])

23. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Redundancy

24. Elettronica T AA 2010-2011 Digital Integrated Circuits © Prentice Hall 2003 SRAM & DRAM Redundancy and Error Correction