4. Kyushu Shikoku Honshu Hokkaido Sea of Japan East China Sea Korea Strait Sea of Okhotsk Tsuguru Strait Inland Sea Mt. Fuji

5. Japan is an, or chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands in the Pacific Ocean that is shaped like a dragon. 4/5 of Japan is mountainous so most people settled in arable or farmable river valleys and along coastal plains. that is shaped like a dragon. 4/5 of Japan is mountainous so most people settled in arable or farmable river valleys and along coastal plains.

6. Ring of Fire Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, a region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.

7. Mt. Fuji

8. A Tsunami is a huge tidal wave. A Typhoon are hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean. Japan is also called the “Land of the Rising Sun.”

9. Geography of Japan Mountains Islands Close to China and Korea Farming is harder Less unity Shintoism- religion based on nature spirits Sea provides food, transportation, isolation, protection Cultural diffusion

11. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

12. Japanese Feudalism Japan had an emperor, but rival clans battled for land. Warlords formed groups loyal to them, not the emperor.

13. A shogun is supreme military commander. A daimyo is a powerful landowner. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange for protection. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange for protection.

14. Daimyos gave land to lesser warriors called samurai, or warriors whose name means “those who serve.”

15. Samurai followed a code of honor, bravery, and loyalty known as bushido, or “way of the warrior.”

16.  A samurai who betrayed the code of bushido was expected to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, rather than live without honor.  The samurai would impale himself on his sword.

17.  Unlike the solid steel plates used by European knights, Japanese armor consisted of thin strips of steel held together by brightly colored silk cords.

19.  The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.  “If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”  Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.  It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”

20. Below the samurai were the peasants (75- 90% of Japan), artisans, and merchants. Peasants formed the backbone of feudal society. What does that mean? Don’t write!

21. Peasant families cultivated rice and other crops on estates of samurai. Some peasants served as soldiers; rarely, some even became samurai. Don’t write!

24. CASTLESCASTLES CASTLESCASTLES

25. Noblewomen Some noblewomen trained in the military and became warriors. There was no chivalry; warriors’ wives endured hardships and also owed loyalty to the lords. Don’t write!

26. China’s influence on Japan Writing Japan adapted the Chinese writing system to their language. Buddhism Spread and flourished Zen Buddhism Values peace, simple living, nature and beauty. Confucianism proper behavior, proper behavior,loyalty, honoring parents (filial piety) and respect for learning

27. “Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far- sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an inferiors are friendly, then affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of matters prevails (do well).” ~Prince Shotoku What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?

28. The Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.The Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.

29. Shinto Polytheism Ancestor Worship Natural features Trees, rocks, and mountains The World of the kami Minimize sin & guilt Great Creator Don’t write!

30. Failure to Conquer Japan Failure to Conquer Japan A.In 1274 and again in 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to invade Japan. B.Both times, the Japanese turned them back. C.A typhoon (kamikaze) even destroyed one Mongol fleet. Don’t write!

31. Japanese Culture: Past and Present

32. Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa Artist: Katsushika Hokusai Date: Edo period, c. 1828 Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm) Japanese Art

33. Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.

34. Colorful woodblock prints became popular.

35. Torii Gate, Miyajima Island

36. Torii Gate in Winter

37. Torii Gate

38. Japanese Theater A.Kabuki plays often portrayed family or historical events. B.Dressed in colorful costumes, actors used exaggerated movements to convey action.

42. Kabuki Theater An interior of a Kabuki theater.

43. Literature Literature Japanese poets adapted Chinese models, creating miniature poems called haiku. In only 3 lines and 17 syllables, a feeling is expressed.

44. Haiku : 17-syllable poem Haiku : 17-syllable poem Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku Spring departs. Birds cry Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.

45. Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism A.During Japan’s feudal age, Zen Buddhism emphasized meditation and duty. B.Zen stressed compassion for all yet samurai fought to kill.

46.  At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening.

47.  Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice.

48. Chanoyu : Tea Ceremony

49. A Japanese Tea Master A Japanese Tea Master

50. A Japanese Tea House A Japanese Tea House

51. Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper Folding Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper Folding

52. Origami : Modern Adaptations Origami : Modern Adaptations

53. Calligraphy Calligraphy

54.  The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.

55. Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation

56. Japanese Garden for Meditation

57. Japanese Zen Garden

58. Japanese Sand Garden

59. Miniature Rock/Sand Garden

61. DOMO ARIGATO!

62. Japanese Feudalism European Feudalism Emperor - Emperor - Highest position but no political power Shogun - Shogun - Actual ruler Daimyo - Daimyo -Powerful landowners Samurai Samurai- gave protection for land Code of Bushido- Code of Bushido- behavior code Seppuku Seppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor Peasants and artisans- Peasants and artisans- provided food and weapons Merchants Merchants- gained status slowly King Lords and nobles Knights Code of Chivalry Pope Serfs Merchants Merchants- High Middle Ages Later

63. Let’s compare European Feudalism to Japanese Feudalism!

64. Similarities between a samurai and a knight are… Similarities between a samurai and a knight are… Differences between them are…