1. Main Ideas
The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states.
African Americans participated in the war in a variety of ways.
President Lincoln faced opposition to the war.
Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike.
Big Idea
The lives of many Americans were affected by the Civil War Ellie Flynn

2. Main Idea 1: The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in Confederate states.
By Margaret Mahlke

3. Emancipation Proclamation
Millions of enslaved African Americans were at the heart of the nation’s bloody struggle.
Abolitionists urged Lincoln to free the slaves.
Lincoln declared, “There is no reason in the world why the negro is not entitled to all the natural rights numerated in the Declaration of Independence-the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
Lincoln found:
Emancipation-freeing of slaves, a difficult issue
Did not believe he had constitutional power
Worried about the effects Margaret Mahlke

4. Margaret Mahlke

5. Lincoln Issues the Proclamation
Northerners opinions of abolishing slavery:
Democratic Party opposed emancipation
Abolitionists argued that war was pointless without freedom for African Americans.
Some predicted it would anger voters. Lincoln worried about losing support for war.
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves only in areas controlled by Confederacy
Military order that freed slaves only in areas controlled by the Confederacy
Impossible to enforce where it actually applied
Went into effect on January 1, 1863
Margaret Mahlke

6. Reaction to the Proclamation
African Americans gave thanks on December 31, 1862, New Year’s Eve
Abolitionists rejoiced.
Fredrick Douglas called Jan. 1, 1863, “the great day which is to determine the destiny not only of the American Public, but that of the American Continent.”
Some noted that system of slavery was still used in loyal slave states.
Proclamation encouraged many enslaved African Americans to escape when Union troops came near.
Loss of slaves crippled the South’s ability to wage war.
Margaret Mahlke

7. This is a quote of Lincoln about slavery.
This picture shows Lincoln and his cabinet after the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
This is a quote of Lincoln about slavery.
Margaret Mahlke

8. Main Idea 2: African Americans participate in the war in a variety of ways.
By: Ellie Flynn

9. African Americans voluntarily participated in the war.
The right to join the army in South Carolina was given to contrabands, or escaped slaves by the War Department.
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was mainly African American and was celebrated for its bravery.
In the Union army about 180,000 African Americans served.
Ellie Flynn

10.
Ellie Flynn

11. Congress began allowing the Army to sign up African American as laborers in July 1862.
African Americans in the army received $10 a month, while white soldiers got $13.
By Spring 1863, African American army units were proving themselves in combat.
Ellie Flynn

12. The flyer use to recruit African Americans for the war.
Ellie Flynn

13. The 54TH Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was one of the first official black units in the U.S. armed forces. Their courageous assault on Fort Wagner played a key role in bringing about an end to slavery Ellie Flynn
/american-civil- war/american-civil-war- history/videos/gilder-lehrman- massachussetts-54th

14. “ Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U. S
“ Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S.; … and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on the earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.”
- Fredrick Douglas, quoted in The life and Writings of Fredrick Douglas
Ellie Flynn

15. President Lincoln faced opposition to the war
Lincoln running the war, he had to deal with tensions in the North.
Bridget Bailie

16. CopperheadS The mouths rolled on the death was increasing
A group of northern Democrats began speaking out of the war
Led by U.S. Representative Clement L. Vallandigham of Ohio
Copperheads – were Midwesterners that sympathized the south
Believed the war was not necessary also called for it to end
Lincoln saw the copperhead as a threat to the war effort
To silence them Lincoln suspended habeas corpus, or protection against unlawful imprisonment, to jail the enemies of the Union
Bridget Bailie

17. Northern draft Bridget Bailie In march 1863 war critics erupted
Critics erupted when Congress approved the draft, or forced military service
For $300, men could buy their way out of service
For unskilled workers, this was a year’s wage
Critics of the draft called the Civil War a “rich man’s war and a poor man fight
In July 1863 African American were brought to New York City to replace striking Irish dock workers
Bloody rioting broke out in New York, killing 100 people
Bridget Bailie

19. Northern Draft cont.
Tense situation the northern democrats nominated General George McClellan for president in 1864
Called for immediate end to the war
Lincoln defeated McClellan in the popular vote
Winning by about 400,000 out of 4 million
The electoral vote was in Lincoln favor 212 for Lincoln and 21 for McClellan
Bridget Bailie

20. Main Idea 4 : Life was difficult for soldiers and civilians alike
The way of life for civilians and soldiers was drastically changed by the war.
Riley Hornilla

21. On the Battlefield
Civil War armies fought using ancient battlefield formations that produced massive casualties
Endless rows of troops fired directly at one another
Soldiers would attach bayonets to their guns
Men died to gain every inch of ground
Used to communicate using drum signals
Some drummers – only nine years old
Often saw deadly combat conditions
Today, battlefield communications are primarily electronic
Riley Hornilla

22. Modern battlefield communications
Union Signal Corps
VS.
Modern battlefield communications
Riley Hornilla

23. On the Battlefield cont.
Doctors and nurses in the field saved many lives
Many soldiers endured the horror of having infected legs and arms amputated without painkillers
Had no medicines to stop infections that developed in wounds
Infections from minor injuries caused many deaths
The biggest killer in the Civil War was not the fighting
The biggest killer in the war was disease, such as typhoid, pneumonia, and tuberculosis
Nearly twice as many soldiers died of illnesses as died in combat
Riley Hornilla

24. Prisoners of War Military prisoners on both sides lived in misery
Large camps were in Andersonville, Georgia, and Elmira, New York
Soldiers were packed into camps meant to hold only a fraction of their numbers
They had little shelter, food, or clothing
Starvation and disease killed thousands
Riley Hornilla

25. Life as a Civilian The war effort involved all levels of society
Riley Hornilla
The war effort involved all levels of society
Women and males too young or too old for military service worked in factories and farms
Economy in the North boomed as production and prices soared
Lack of workers caused wages to rise by 43 percent between 1860 and 1865
Women were the backbone of civilian life
On farms, they performed daily chores usually done by men
One visitor to Iowa in 1862 reported that he “met more women…at work in the fields than men.”
Southern women also managed farms and plantations.

26. Important Women
Riley Hornilla
Brought strength and comfort to many wounded Union soldiers
Organized the collection of medicine and supplies for delivery to the battlefield
Worked in field hospitals
Referred to as “angel of the battlefield”
Soothed the wounded and the dying
Her work formed the basis for the future American Red Cross
Sally Louisa Tompkins established a small hospital in Richmond, Virginia
End of war – major army hospital
Jefferson Davis made her a captain in the Confederate Army

27. Clara Barton Sally Louisa Tompkins Riley Hornilla
Clara Barton
Sally Louisa Tompkins

28. Bibliography
Book Chapter or Section Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. "Daily Life during the War."      United States History. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Wintson,      Print.
  Video Clip (Online) General Video Content View live Web page Archive & annotate page Massachusetts 54th Regiment. History. A&E Television Networks, Web. 15 May      2014. <      american-civil-war-history/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th>.