2. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-1 Plan for Emergency Action When it is time to contact the EMS system, STAY CALM! The EMS authority will need the following information: 1.Any information on the severity of the injury. 2. What first aid is being provided. 3. The address and location of the injured athlete. 4. Where you will meet the EMS team.

3. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-2 Primary Survey A = Airway B = Breathing C = Circulation

4. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-3 Clearing an Airway 1.Wear gloves. 2.Grasp the mouth and OPEN THE JAW with your thumb and index finger. 3.Use your index finger to do a finger sweep to REMOVE ANY objects. Note: This only is done on a child or infant if you can see the object! 4.MAKE AN AIRWAY using the HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT maneuver OR Jaw-thrust maneuver.

5. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-4 Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift Maneuver

6. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-5 Jaw-Thrust Maneuver

7. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-6 If Breathing is Absent 1.Call for help. 2.Immediately correct any severe breathing problems. (Clear the airway of any obstructions.) 3.Begin rescue breathing.

8. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-7 Signs of Circulation If NONE of these signs are present, begin CPR: Normal Breathing Movement Coughing Carotid Pulse

9. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-8 Log Roll the method used to turn a patient with a spinal injury, in which the patient is moved to the side in one motion

10. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-9 It was the first game of the season and the team was playing at St. O’Leary High School. In the third quarter Germane, the starting defensive back, hit the running back head on, went down in a lump, and didn’t move. Terry, one of the student athletic trainers, accompanied the head trainer, Mr. Hill, out to the injured player, who was face up. Mr. Hill checked his vital signs. The vitals were good, but Mr. Hill was concerned about Germane’s neck. Terry was told to stabilize his neck while Mr. Hill used a Trainer’s Angel to remove the facemask. If things took a turn for the worse they would at least have unobstructed access to his airway. This was all very scary, but Terry knew what she had to do because they had practiced this very scenario many times and were ready in cases like this. They went to work without even thinking twice. As soon as Mr. Hill put his hand to the athlete’s head, the student trainers went about the jobs they were trained to do in situations like this: Terry stayed to assist Mr. Hill; Emily went to activate EMS, and show them in; and Justin went to get Germane’s insurance information.

11. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-10 The next day Germane was fine. He had been taken to the hospital for x-rays and further evaluation. All the student trainers met with Mr. Hill and walked through what had happened the previous day. It was a great feeling to know that all the practicing they had done, which had seemed kind of boring at the time, was well worth it. Why was it a good thing that the injured football player was face up? Why is it important to have a plan for activating the EMS? What are the benefits of reviewing the plan of action before and after an emergency situation has taken place?

12. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-11 Secondary Survey a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional assessment of a patient to determine the existence of any injuries other than those found in the primary survey

13. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-12 Orientation the ability to comprehend one's environment regarding time, place, situation, and identity of persons

14. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-13 Mechanism of Injury how the injury occurred

15. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-14 Isolated Injury Assessment a thorough examination of a specific part of the body to determine the extent of injury that may have occurred

16. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-15 HOPS a system of medical evaluation based on: History, Observation, Palpation, and Stress tests

17. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-16 HOPS Procedure History: (Based on subjective findings.) How did the injury happen? When did it happen? Has this ever happened to the athlete before? What did he or she hear or feel? Did anyone else see what happened? Observation: (Based on objective findings.) Compare the uninvolved side to the involved side, always checking the uninvolved side first. Is there any swelling, deformity, numbness, discoloration, bleeding, or break in the skin? Look for any scars from previous surgeries, muscle atrophy, or loss of range of motion.

18. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-17 HOPS Procedure, Cont. Palpation: Ask the athlete to point to the area that hurts. Feel for deformities, spasms, pulses, breaks in the skin, and changes in temperature. Stress Tests: Check the active range of motion, then the passive range of motion, and finally perform resisted manual muscle testing. Additional special tests may also be needed. Some common special tests are discussed in the injuries sections of this chapter. If you feel that assessment or treatment of an injury is beyond your abilities, activate the EMS or refer the athlete to a physician as appropriate.

19. Copyright © 2002 Career Publishing, Inc. Visual 9-18 Body Planes and Directional Terms