1. STRATEGIES FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT DURING 2013 Part I Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. PART 1: MAKE SCHOOLS, THE TYPICAL COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” DISASTER RESILIENT

3. YOUR COMMUNITY YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION SCHOOLS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. EMERGENCY PLANS RECONSTRUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGE RISK MANAGEMENT

4. DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS” DISASTER RESILIENT IS A GOOD POLITICAL STRATEGY

5. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” ARE UNSAFE... BOTH WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY, OR - - -

6. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) AFTER PEOPLE ARE EVACUATED TO A SCHOOL TO GET OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, OR VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

7. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO DAMAGE & LOSS OF FUNCTION IF… THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING THEY ARE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN THEY ARE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE INUNDATION ZONE THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND THE WIND FIELD THEY ARE NOT DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND A WET VOLCANIC ASH LOAD

8. EARTHQUAKES CAUSE … BUILDING COLLAPSE, INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS, WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS

9. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES EXCEPT FOR CALIFORNIA, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR MOST SCHOOLS IN MOST STATES

10. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABLE TO EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING; HENCE, NO EVACUATION IS POSSIBLE LOSS OF FUNCTION CAN BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY

11. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE UNIV., HAITI, JAN 12, 2010

12. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI; JAN 12, 2010

13. SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

15. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

16. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE DRILLS ANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

17. TEMPORARY SCHOOLS ARE VULNER- ABLE: MAY 12, 2008 EARTHQUAKE

18. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007

19. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: MOLISE EARTHQUAKE: OCTOBER 31, 2002

20. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: 53 CHILDREN BORN IN 1996 KILLED

21. SCHOOL: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA; OCT 10, 1989

22. SCHOOL: MEXICO; SEPT. 19, 1985

23. SCHOOL: EL ASNAM, ALGERIA;OCTOBER 10, 1980

24. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: COALINGA, CA; MAY 2, 1983

25. SCHOOLS: TANGSHAN, CHINA; 1976

26. SCHOOL: LICE, TURKEY; SEPTEMBER 6, 1975

27. SCHOOL: ALASKA, MARCH 27, 1964

28. SCHOOL: LONG BEACH, CA, MARCH 10,1933 (LED TO THE FIELD ACT)

29. FLOODS CAUSE WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

30. THE GREAT FLOOD OF 2008: IOWA

31. FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA: AUGUST 7-14, 2007

32. FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, ENGLAND: JULY 2007

34. FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY 2007

35. FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007

36. SEVERE WINDSTORMS CAUSE WIND AND WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

37. SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE “SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

38. TYPHOON MORAKOT: CHIATUNG, TIAWAN, AUGUST 9, 2009

39. CYCLONE NARGIS: POWER OUTAGE IN YANGON; MAY 18, 2008:

40. CYCLONE NARGIS: TAKING SHELTER IN A BUDDHIST TEMPLE

41. HURRICANE OMAR: ST THOMAS, VI, OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

42. HURRICANE OMAR: SOUFRIER; OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

43. SCHOOLS: TYPICAL SAFE HAVENS FOR HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF THE “SAFE HAVENS” ARE UNSAFE.

44. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.

45. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 TULANE UNIVERSITY was paralyzed indefinitely by a few hours of wind, rain, storm surge, flooding, and the several-months- long recovery process.

46. YOUR COMMUNITY YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION SCHOOLS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTION SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. EMERGENCY PLANS RECONSTRUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGE RISK MANAGEMENT

47. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS CAUSE WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

48. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA, JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION SENDS 15,000 FLEEING

49. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash

50. YOUR COMMUNITY YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS NAT. HAZARDS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION SCHOOLS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. EMERGENCY PLANS RECONSTRUCTION EDUCATIONAL SURGE RISK MANAGEMENT