1. Subpart D Test
Circle the appropriate answer and locate appropriate standard
Question
Standard
An opening in the floor is considered a hole when it is
more than 24 in.
True
False
Stairway openings do not need fall protection.
Railings in Subpart D must withstand 800 lbs. thrust in
any direction.
The vertical posts of railings must be at 20 ft. centers.
Fixed stairs must have a minimum width of 22 in.
(a)(1)
(a)(1)
(e)(3)(iv)
(e)(3)(i) & (ii) & (iii)
(d)

2. Part 1910 Subpart D - Walking-Working Surfaces
Definitions.
General requirements.
Guarding floor and wall openings and holes.
Fixed industrial stairs.
Portable wood ladders.
Portable metal ladders.
Fixed ladders.
Safety requirements for scaffolding.
Manually propelled mobile ladder stands and scaffolds (towers).
Other working surfaces.

3. Subpart D - Walking/Working Surfaces (1910.21 - 32)
Open sided Floors - 640
23(c)(1)
Housekeeping - 198
22(a)(1)
Wet Floors - 139
22(a)(1)
Stair rails - 93
24(h)
Floor holes - 86
23(a)(8)
Number of Serious Violations - FY 98

4. 1910.21(a)(1) & (a)(2) - Floor hole vs floor opening

5. Floor Covering

6. (a)(1)
Housekeeping

7. 1910.22(a)(1) All places of employment, passageways, storerooms,
service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition.

8. Debris on floor

9. Housekeeping

10. 1910.22(a)(2) - Floors Where wet processes are used, keep floors clean
and dry as possible

11. 1910.22(a)(3) - Protruding nails

12. 1910.22(b) - Aisles and passageways
(1) Safe clearances; clean and good repair; no obstacles in aisles where mechanical handling equipment is used.
(2) Aisles and passageways shall be permanently marked

13. 1910.22(d) - Floor loading protection
(1) Loads approved by building official shall be marked.

14. (d) (continued)
(1) Signs shall be marked & affixed in conspicuous place
(2) Unlawful to overload

15. 1910.23 - Guarding floor and wall openings
and holes

16. Guard Rail System 1910.23(a)- Protection for floor openings Mid Rail
(1) Every stairway floor opening shall be guarded by a standard
railing constructed in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section.
Guard Rail System
Mid Rail
Top Rail
Toe Board

18. Types of materials

19. 1910.23(a)(2) - Ladderway floor openings, platforms -
Guarded by standard railing, toeboard

20. 1910.23(a)(3) Hatchway/chute floor opening
Guarded by hinged cover or removable railing/toeboard

21. 1910.23(a)(4) Skylight floor opening
Guarded by standard skylight screen/or fixed standard railing

22. Protected sky light

23. 1910.23(a)(6) Manhole floor opening - Guarded by standard manhole cover

24. 1910.23(a)(8) Floor hole opening - Guarded by standard railing/cover

25. 1910.23(a)(8)(ii) - Floor hole opening

26. 1910.23(b) - Wall openings/holes
(1) Drop greater than 4’ shall be guarded

27. Open sided floors, platforms and runways
(c)(1)
Open sided floors, platforms and runways

28. Work platform

29. Work platform

30. Elevated runway
Runway

31. Unguarded

32. Adequate platform guardrail

34. What’s the problem here?
No toe board

35. What’s up with this???

36. 1910.23(c)(3) Adjacent to dangerous equipment
(regardless of height) - Guarded by standard railing
with toeboard
Open screw auger directly underneath

37. 1910.23(d) Stairway railings and guards

38. 1910.23(d)(1) Stairway railings and guards
4 or more risers require standard stair railings or handrails

39. 1910.23(d)(1)(i) Stairways less than 44” wide - At least one handrail

40. 1910.23(d)(1)(ii) Less than 44” wide with one open side - At least one railing on open side

41. (d)(1)(iii)
Less than 44” wide with both open sides - Stair railing on
each side

42. What’s wrong with this picture?

43. (e)(3)(iv)
The anchoring of posts and framing of members for railings of all types - Capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail.

44. 1910.24 - Fixed Industrial Stairs

45. 1910.24(c) Stair strength Must carry 5 times normal live
load anticipated, but never less
than 1000 pounds moving
concentrated load

46. 1910.24(d) Minimum Stair Width of 22”
(e) Angle of Stairway Rise “Table D-1”
Table D-1 ___________________________________________________________________
| |
Angle to horizontal | Rise (in inches) | Tread run (in inches)
_________________________ |__________________|______________________
30 deg. 35' | /2 |
32 deg. 08' | /4 | /4
33 deg. 41' | | /2
35 deg. 16' | /4 | /4
36 deg. 52' | /2 |
38 deg. 29' | /4 | /4
40 deg. 08' | | /2
41 deg. 44' | /4 | /4
43 deg. 22' | /2 |
45 deg. 00' | /4 | /4
46 deg. 38' | | /2
48 deg. 16' | /4 | /4
49 deg. 54' | /2 |
__________________________|__________________|______________________
30 deg. angle
Tread
11”
Rise
6 1/2”
Tread
11”
Rise
6 1/2”

47. (h) Standard railing
on open sides of all exposed
stairways and stair
platforms
Hand rails provided on at
least one side of closed
stairways
(i) Vertical clearance
above stair tread to
overhead obstruction - At
least 7 feet