1. DEHN + SÖHNE Lightning and Surge Protection according to IEC 62305

2. Damage due to Lightning and Surges
Lightning and Surge Protection

3. Danger due to Lightning Strokes
approx. 1,900,000 lightning strokes in Germany per year*
ABC Company
MCR
2 km
data
telephone
110 kV
mobile phone
400/230 V TV
*Ref.: BLIDS, Siemens AG, Analysis of
Lightning and Surge Protection

4. Lightning flasches cloud to earth
Quelle:
Lightning and Surge Protection

5. Branch-specific Costs caused by a One-hour Loss of Production
Costs of a one-hour
loss of production
Branch
Paper approx. 10,000 €
Brewery approx. 10,000 €
Car Industry Supplier approx. 12,500 €
Power Stations approx. 90,000 €
Car Industry approx ,000 €
(depending on the section)
Computing Centre approx. 500,000 € (the potential data loss can no longer be quantified)
Lightning and Surge Protection

6. Generation and Effects
Lightning and Surge Protection

7. Causes of Surges due to Lightning Discharges
Direct lightning strike:
Distant lightning Strike: 2a
Strike into medium-
voltage overhead lines 2b
Surge travelling waves
on overhead lines
due to cloud-to-cloud
lightning 1
Striking of external lightning protection
system, process structure (in industrial
plants), cables etc.
Rst 1a
Voltage drop at the implse
earthing resistance Rst L1 L2 L3
PEN
20 kV 1b
Induced voltage
in loops 2c
Fields of the
lightning strike
IT network
power supply
Lightning and Surge Protection

8. Galvanic Coupling Lightning Voltage for a System
Lightning Prot. Level Current amplitude kA
I 200
II 150
III - IV 100 i t î
wave form 10 / 350 µs
Ref.: IEC 62305
EBB
Rst
ûE = î · Rst
Example:
ûE = 100 kA · 1  = 100 kV
Surge Protection

9. Influences on Electrical Installations Causes of Surges
Direct lightning strike (LEMP)
Galvanic coupling
Inductive / Capacitive coupling
Indirect lightning strike
Conducted partial lightning currents
Inductive / Capacitive coupling M
Surges (SEMP)
Switching operations
Earth faults / Short circuits
Tripping fuses
Parallel installation of power and IT conductor systems
Lightning and Surge Protection

10. Lightning Current Parameters according to IEC 62305
Parameters Lightning Protection Level
I II III-IV
I (kA)
W/R (MJ/)
Qs (As)
Q long (As)
Lightning and Surge Protection

11. International Standardisation
Lightning and Surge Protection

12. IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard
IEC General Principles
IEC Risk Management
IEC Physical Damage to Structures and Life Hazard
IEC Electrical and Electronic
Systems
Lightning and Surge Protection

13. IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard
General Principles
Risk
Physical damage
and life hazard
Electrical- and
electronic systems
Lightning and Surge Protection

14. Lightning and Surge Protection
IEC Risk Management
By working through series of formulae the process allows the user to decide what protection is required. The actual risk (R) must be below the tolerable level (Rt).
The ultimate protection may be the installation of a LPS system. Direct strike lightning arresters (LEMP) and surge arresters (SEMP).
Lightning and Surge Protection

15. IEC 62305-3 Physical damage to structures and life hazard
Introduction
a) External LPS (air termination system, down contuctor‘s, earth termination system).
b) An internal LPS (preventing dangerous sparking using equipotential bonding or separation distance (hence electrical insulation) between external LPS and internal metalwork.
Lightning and Surge Protection

16. IEC 62305-4 Electrical- and electronic systems within structures
Scope:
Provides information for design, installation, inspection, maintenance and testing of a LEMP protection system (LPM) for electrical and electronic systems within a structure able to reduce risk of permanent failure due to LEMP.
Basic protection measures in a LPM system
Earthing and Bonding
Magnetic shielding and line routing
Direct strike and surge protection
Lightning and Surge Protection

17. Standardisation of Surge Protective Devices
IEC Performance Requirements of Surge Protective Devices
for Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems
Class I Protection Against Direct Lightning Currents
(Lightning Current Arrester)
(10/350 µs)
Class II Protection Against Indirect Lightning Effects
(Surge Arrester)
(8/20 µs)
Class III
Protection Against Switching Overvoltages
(Surge Arrester)
(1.2/50 µs; 8/20 µs)
Lightning and Surge Protection

18. External Lightning Protection System
Air Termination System
Downconductor
Earth Termination System
Lightning and Surge Protection

19. External Lightning Protection System
air termination system
down conductor
earth termination system
Lightning and Surge Protection

20. EMC-orientated Lightning Protection Zones Concept
Lightning and Surge Protection

21. EMC-Orientated Lightning Protection Zones Concept
Surge Protection Seminar 2006
LEMP
air-termination system
down-
conductor
system
LPZ 0 A
Lightning equipotential bonding
Lightning current arrester
(SPD Type 1)
LPZ 0 B
Local equipotential bonding
Surge arrester
(SPD Type 2, SPD Type 3) M
LPZ 1
LEMP
spatial shield
terminal device
air ventilation
LPZ 3
LPZ 2
LEMP
LPZ 0 C
power supply system
SEMP
IT system
steel reinforcement
foundation earthing
electrode
Lightning and Surge Protection
06_LPZ Conzept

22. Internal Lightning Protection
Lightning Equipotential Bonding
Surge Protection
Coordination
Lightning and Surge Protection

23. Internal Lightning Protection System
Based on IEC
Equipotential Bonding at the Boundary of LPZ
Equipotential bonding for all metal parts and supply lines (e.g. metal pipes, electrical power or data lines) which are entering at the boundary of an internal LPZ shall be carried out at equipotential bonding bars which are installed as closely as possible to the point of entry.
SPDs with suitable power carrying capacity for electrical power and data lines at the point of entry into the LPZ have always to be installed.
Lightning and Surge Protection

24. Lightning Equipotential Bonding for incoming Lines
EBB
LPZ 0
LPZ 1
power
supply
external lightning protection system
water
gas M
heating
cathodic protected tank pipe
foundation earthing electrode
Lightning and Surge Protection

25. Lightning current arrester
Lightning and Surge Protection

26. Internal Lightning Protection Surge Protective Devices
Based on IEC
Surge protective devices for lightning equipotential bonding must be capable of safely controlling the partial lightning currents to be expected to flow through them. For this purpose, surge protective devices are chosen according to the requirements on site and installed in accordance with IEC
The residual voltage at the surge protective device installed into the building, has to be coordinated with the impulse withstand capability of the installation.
Surge protective devices Class I to be installed at the entry of the building, keep a significant part of the power of lightning currents away from the inside of the building.
Lightning and Surge Protection

27. Lightning and Surge Protection
What is a Lightning Current Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?
Discharging of lightning currents several times without desctruction of the equipment. = Discharge capacity 100 kA (10/350 µs)
Providing of a lower voltage protection level than the voltage strength of the downstream installation.
Extinguishing or limiting of mains follow currents.
Ensuring of the energy coordination to downstream surge protective devices and/or terminal equipment.
Lightning and Surge Protection

28. Lightning and Surge Protection
1 Test Impulse Curent for Lightning Current Arresters 2 Test Impulse Current for Surge Arresters 1
10/350
100 50
2.5 · 106
IEC 2
8/20 5
0.1
0.4 · 103 EN
100 kA
Wave form µs]
i max. [kA]
Q [As]
W/R [J/]
Standard
I (kA)
80 kA
60 kA
50 kA
40 kA 1
20 kA 2
20 µs
200 µs
350 µs
600 µs
800 µs
1000 µs
t (µs)
Lightning and Surge Protection

29. Lightning and Surge Protection
Overvoltage Categories according to IEC Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD)
rated voltage
withstand voltage 6 kV
4 kV
voltage protection
level  2.5kV
2.5 kV
household appliances
1.5 kV
sensitive devices
 1.5 kV
SDB
terminal device SE M
230/400 V
SPD Type 1 2 3 3
(SPD class)
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
Lightning and Surge Protection

30. Lightning and Surge Protection

31. Lightning and Surge Protection
What is a Surge Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?
Discharging of impulse currents (8/20 µs) several times without destroying the terminal equipment = 20 x nominal discharge capacity kA (8/20 µs)
Voltage protection level lower than the electrical strength of the downstream terminal devices = Voltage protection level  1,500 V
Lightning and Surge Protection

32. Lightning and Surge Protection
Overvoltage Categories according to IEC Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD)
rated voltage
withstand voltage 6 kV
4 kV
voltage protection
level  2.5kV
2.5 kV
household appliances
1.5 kV
sensitive devices
 1.5 kV
SDB
terminal device SE M
230/400 V
SPD Type 1 2 3 3
(SPD class)
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
Lightning and Surge Protection

33. Lightning and Surge Protection
Coordination of SPDs
Lightning and Surge Protection

34. Energy Coordination of SPDs
Based on IEC
As soon as two or more SPDs are connected in series, the coordination of the SPDs and the equipment to be protected has to be checked.
Energy coordination is achieved as soon as the ratio of energy for all impulse currents for each SPD is equal or less than corresponds to its power withstand capability.
The power withstand capability can be determined – by an electrical test according to IEC , – from the technical data of the manufacturer of the SPDs
Conclusion: The coordination of the SPDs can only be verified by the manufacturer!
Lightning and Surge Protection

35. Energy Coordination of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)
input interference;
lightning impulse current 10/350 µs
residual interference
impulse current 8/20 µs
residual interference
uncritical for terminal device
terminal device ?
230 / 400 V
varistor
S 20 K 275
DEHNbloc® M
DEHNguard ® S
DEHNsafe
Lightning and Surge Protection

36. Energy Coordination Overview: SPDs Type 1M
SDB SE
230/400 V
Combined SPD
Voltage protection level £ 1.5 kV
DEHNventil® M
DEHNventil® ZP
Terminal Unit
Red / Line
Type 3
DEHNbloc® M
DEHNgap M
Red / Line
Type 2
Red / Line
Type 3
Terminal Unit
Coordinated lightning current arrester
Voltage protection level £ 2.5 kV
Red / Line
Type 2
Red / Line
Type 3
DEHNbloc® H
Terminal Unit
Lightning current arrester
Voltage protection level £ 4 kV
Surge Protection

37. Examples of Lightning current and surge arrester
Lightning and Surge Protection

38. DEHNventil® M Characteristics
Low voltage protection level =
Protection for terminal devices
Capable of carrying lightning currents =
For use in lightning protection level
Easy exchange of
protection modules ...
Plastic snap-in device with “parking position“
= Quick installation
... due to module releasing button
Leakage-current-free operating state and fault indication for all protective circuits
Coding in base part and protection module =
Safe application
Remote signalling contact as floating changeover contact
Leakage-current-free protective circuit =
Allows for use upstream of meter panels
Lightning and Surge Protection

39. Lightning and Surge Protection
Coordinated lightning current arrester DEHNbloc M Type: DB M (FM) / Part No.: ( )
Coordinated, single-pole Type 1
lightning current arrester in
accordance with EN
with a modular device design
Type of connection to earth
TN/TT 230/400 V a.c.
Maximum continuous operating voltage a.c.
UC = 255 V a.c.
RADAX-Flow technology
Encapsulated, non-exhausting
creepage spark gap
Follow current extinguishing
capability a.c.: up to 50 kArms
Directly coordinated to
DEHNguard S 275 (FM) surge
protective devices without additional cable length
Lightning impulse current (10/350 μs): 50 kA
Voltage protection level  2.5 kV
Optionally available with remote signalling contact for
central monitoring units (floating changeover contact)
Lightning and Surge Protection

40. Red / Line DEHNguard® M Family
SPD Type 2
DEHNguard® M TNC 275 (FM)
DEHNguard® M TNS 275 (FM)
DEHNguard® M TT 275 (FM)
DEHNguard® M TN 275 (FM)
DEHNguard® M TT 2P 275 (FM)
DEHNguard® S (FM)
Lightning and Surge Protection

41. DEHNguard M Family Characteristics
High-capacity varistor-based SPD - Nominal discharge current In (20x) = 20 kA (8/20 µs) - Maximum discharge current Imax (1x) = 40 kA (8/20 µs)
- Low voltage protection level at In = 1.25 kV
High safety due to Thermo Dynamic Control SPD controlling device
Operating state and fault indication of all protective circuits, free of operating and leakage currents
Energy coordinated within the Red/Line product family
5 application-specific circuit types with and without remote signalling contact = 10 types of devices
Lightning and Surge Protection

42. Lightning and Surge Protection
Surge Protective Device Type 3 Use in Distribution Boards / Switchgear Cabinets
SPS Protector
DEHNrail modular (FM)
DEHNrail M 4P 255
Lightning and Surge Protection

43. Characteristics of the DEHNrail M (DR M ....) Series
Discharge current up to 8 kA
Different nominal voltages, from 24 V up to 230 V
Maximum operating current: 25 A
Low voltage protection level L to N and L/N to PE
Operating state and fault indication,
free of operating and leakage currents
Lightning and Surge Protection