2. Introduction Dubai previously earned most of its income through oil. But oil is not ever lasting. So Prince Sheikh Md. proposed construction of a unique set of islands The Palm Islands are an artificial archipelago (islands) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

3. The palm islands is basically a group of three islands in the shape of the palm topped with a crescent The islands are Palm Jumeirah, the Palm Jebel Ali and the Palm Deira.Palm JumeirahPalm Jebel AliPalm Deira

4. The total sand and rock required by: 1)Palm JUMEIRAH: 100 million m 3 2)Palm JEBEL ALI : 100 million m 3 3)Palm DEIRA: 1 billion m 3

5. Construction Steps Construction of Break Water Construction of soil bed. Construction of 4 lane bridges. Settlement of soil bed.

7.  Breakwater required 5.5 million cu. m of rock  This is enough to build 2 pyramids  These rocks were transferred from coast to construction site on barges.

8.  There was no use of concrete or steel to hold these rocks, thus each rock should be of appropriate size and strength to withstand the ferocious sea.  It took 9 barges, 15 tug boats, 4 dredgers, 13 heavy land machines and 10 floating cranes were used to construct massive sea wall.  The rocks were dropped accurately with the use of Digital GPS coordinates.

9. Soil from sea floor was chosen to build soil bed. This sand was much suitable then the sand of main land as: 1) coarse and more resistent to impact of load. 2) More economical They scoops up the sand from the gulf floor and transfered with help of dredgers which took a total of 3 hrs. The process of spraying sand is called rain bowing.

12. Bridges Two 4 lane Bridges were made on break water to provide fresh flowing water in the system. Twice a day, the tide enters under the bridges in the system, pushing clean water around the spikes and removing the stale water and thus provide natural flow.

13. Settlement of soil bed The process known as vibrant compression was chosen to both settle or compact the soil bed. In this method 2,00,000holes were made by 15 machines across the surface of island and vibrating shafts compact the earth and more sand is filled after each settlement until the area becomes rock solid. This process took 8 months to stabilise the bed.

15.  Adds upto 520 kms of beaches to the city of Dubai.  Over 100 luxury hotels  Beach side villas  Apartments  Marinas  Water parks  Restaurants  Shopping malls  Health spas and sport facilities

16.  the Palm Jumeirah Monorail, which will take three years to complete and will serve as a transit system between:Palm Jumeirah Monorail  Gateway Station at the trunk of the Palm Jumeirah  and  the Atlantis Station on the crescent.  The Monorail opened on May 6, 2009, but only utilized the Atlantis Hotel and Gateway Towers Stations.

18. o It was constructed with blasted mountain rock and is shaped like crescent. o The crescent(breakwater) is 34 ft above the deepest point and 13 ft above the sea level. o To prevent soil erosion a erosion preventing water permeable geo- textile is used to cover the sand. o Sand is covered by 1 ton rocks and cap is covered by 2 layers of rocks weighing 6 tonnes. o Gaps(bridges) are provided in the bridges for avoiding stagnation of water.

19.  Palm Jumeirah island is made of ocean’s 3,257,212,970,389 ft 3 and vibro compacted sand.  By vibro compaction the density of the sand increases with the flow of jet.  For getting a complex shape constructor and designer used Differential Global Positioning System to plot the island and 0.39 inch sand placement. For getting a complex shape constructor and designer used Differential Global Positioning System to plot the island and 0.39 inch sand placement.

20.  The island can be seen from the outer space because of its size.  Palm Island has a shoreline of 60 Kilometers which increases the costline of UAE by 166 percent.  Palm Island is actually connected with the mainland of United Arab Emirates.  Rock of 7 million cubic meters and sand of 32 million cubic meters was required for making of each island.  The three islands are connected as one end to another