1. Successful Power Monitoring is a Process Michael Daish Vice President Sales Summit Technology Inc.

2. Power Monitoring is a Process Introduction Why is monitoring a process? What are the tasks? Why studies go wrong Choosing instrumentation Data collection, retrieval, & analysis Documentation & reports Conclusions

3. Why is Power Monitoring a Process Power studies have a beginning, middle, and end. Connecting and set-up, correctly, safely Measurement over time, logging Analysis and Reports – the “end game” Monitor is central to the process – data collection tool Software tools complete the process, analysis, report

4. What do we want to accomplish? Define the problem you want to solve, examples: “I need to add more loads – will my panels and circuits support the new additions?” “We need to reduce energy consumption – I need to perform an energy audit to evaluate energy savings opportunities.” “How are the energy savings measures we have implemented performing?” “This transformer is very hot – is it overloaded, or are high harmonics the cause?” “My (machine/process) is operating erratically – is power quality the cause?” “When the HVAC (or motor or other equipment) turns on the breaker trips.” “I’m commissioning a UPS and need to verify it’s performance.” “I want to perform regular diagnostics on our motors as part of a predictive maintenance program.” etc.

5. Power Study Tasks Log V & I Power & Energy Power Quality – sags/swells Power Quality – high-speed transients Harmonics Frequency Flicker Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Flicker 0.2%

6. Choosing Right Instrument Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Flicker 0.2%

7. Instrument Types and Trends Multiple vendors = choice difficult Microelectronics progress = lower cost More processing power Lower cost memory = more storage Variety of communications methods Black-box, tablet, hand-held PQ features added to permanently installed meters Standards based or trouble-shooting

8. Instrument Types

10. Instrument Types – Present Hand-HeldTabletBlack-Box Sizesmallestmediumbiggest Weightlowestmediumheaviest DisplayLCDLCD/Graphicsnone Ease of ConnectionGood Ease of set upEasyLess EasyEasiest Breadth of MeasurementsMedium - High Highest SoftwareGoodVery Good ReportsVery Good CostLowest $1.5K - $5K Medium $4.5K - $ 9K Highest $10K - $15K

11. Why power studies go wrong! Bad planning Incorrect connections Wrong set-up Power cord or leads come off Tampering

12. To Display or Not Display Unattended long-term monitoring and logging does not require a display For long monitoring periods no one is looking at the monitor Analysis done off line Use PC as display for analysis and reports Good security – small size, less conspicuous Attended short-term monitoring sometimes requires oscilloscope display Witness conditions as they occur Forcing events, changing of waveforms Usually during commissioning and set-up of equipment Poor security – video game

13. Safety Categories Overvoltage Protection CategoriesOvervoltage withstand capability CAT II 600V4000V CAT III 300V CAT III 600V6000V CAT IV 300V CAT III 1000V8000V CAT IV 600V CAT IV 1000V12000V

14. Safety: Connecting Safely CAT IV rating - highest level of transient overvoltage (8,000 V over voltage at 600 Vrms service) Verifying connections by experience Indicator lights – go, no go Display – phasors, rotation, polarity, waveform CT’s self-identify Intelligence – SureStart checks all conditions

15. Waveform Capture

16. Spot Checks LCD Meter display Labeled buttons Instant readings

17. Connection Check List Types of Errors that may be present One, two, or three voltages not connected One, two, or three currents not connected to source One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system Two or three connections to the same voltage Two or three connections to the same current Voltages misidentified Currents misidentified One, two, or three current sensors backwards Two voltage connections switched Two current sensors switched All voltages rotated one position left All voltages rotated one position right All currents rotated one position left All currents rotated one position right One phase not present Two phases not present Three phases not present One phase offered as two or three phases One phase shorted to neutral or ground Two phases shorted to neutral or ground Neutral not connected to ground Non-standard voltage due to improper loading Non-standard voltage due to power system problem Non-standard frequency due to power system problem Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem Combinations of the above listed errors

18. Algorithms check all voltage and current connections Advises user of connection errors, setup SureStart ™ For Successful Studies

19. SafeConnect ™ Monitor power without exposure to high voltages No need to wear special gloves, eye- protection, or flame-retardant clothing. No need to power down. No need to put up protective barriers or warnings. Quick setup and teardown of monitoring sessions on live power. No need to remove panels. No need to deal with hooking up current probes in tight or inaccessible spaces. Periodic maintenance measurements. No switched phases, reversed probes, or dead channels. Permanent connections means the data is right when you return 1 month later.

20. “The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Power Quality and Harmonics Motor Diagnostics PS250 PS2500 PS3000 PS3500 PS4000 PS4500

21. “The Mighty Hand-Held” Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5% Power Logger Harmonics optional Harmonics 10%

22. “The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Sag/swell events 19% High-speed transients 8% Harmonics 10% Power & Energy 25% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5%

23. “The Mighty Hand-Held” Power Logger Power and Energy Analyzer Power Quality and Harmonics Power & Energy 25% Sag/swell events 19% Harmonics 10% High-speed transients 8% Log V&I 34% Frequency 5%

24. Data Retrieval Methods Serial cable RS 232 Ethernet via serial-to-Ethernet converter USB via serial-to-USB converter Wireless - Bluetooth SD Memory card (256KB – 2 GB)

25. Log V and I

26. Log Tabular Data – Export to Excel * StartStartVanVbnVcnIaIbIcWa WbWcVAaVAbVAcPFaPFbPFc Freq * DateTimeAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvg AvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvgAvg Avg 7/18/200211:33:57270.5268.2270.323.44822.66423.6722835 299529806346.460806401.60.450.490.47 60 7/18/200211:33:58270.7268.2270.124.65623.12824.323433 322232386675.262046566.40.510.520.49 59.9 7/18/200211:33:59270.3268270.524.68822.90424.2323473 305032356668.86139.26553.60.520.50.49 60 7/18/200211:34:00270.7268.1270.724.50423.06424.0323339 313930976630.461846505.60.50.510.48 60 7/18/200211:34:01270.5268269.924.2822.9623.8323217 311529396566.46154.46433.60.490.510.46 60 7/18/200211:34:02270.4268.1269.924.45623.11224.0243346 317330626611.26197.66486.40.510.510.47 60 7/18/200211:34:03270.8267.9270.524.54423.248243365 322630196649.66230.464920.510.520.47 59.9 7/18/200211:34:04270.4268.4270.724.77623.3624.1363408 317830336700.8627265360.510.510.46 60 7/18/200211:34:05270.7268.6270.824.62423.03224.23403 299631466668.86187.26553.60.510.480.48 60 7/18/200211:34:06270.4268.2269.924.5622.90424.1843351 298731566643.261446529.60.50.490.48 59.9 7/18/200211:34:07269.6267.5269.924.35222.85624.1363262 308730336566.46114.46514.40.50.50.47 60 7/18/200211:34:08270.3267.3269.924.11222.54423.6563212 300728906518.460286385.60.490.50.45 60 7/18/200211:34:09270.2268.3270.724.44823.20823.8163277 318529006604.86228.86449.60.50.510.45 59.9 7/18/200211:34:10271.1268.527124.41623.423.9923289 325630136617.66285.66503.20.50.520.46 60.1

27. Power and Energy

28. KWh

29. Harmonics

31. RMS Events Sags/Swells

32. Waveform Sags/Swells

33. RMS Events Current Inrush

34. High-Speed Transients

35. High voltage probes High voltage probes for 5KV or 15 KV

36. Motor Current Signature Analysis Evaluate motors while running Rotor/armature health Stator mechanical/electrical health Field coil faults Bearing health Eccentricity Loose connection problems Induction, synchronous, DC, wound rotor and induction with VFD type motors.

37. Reports and Documentation The “end game”! Print individual graphs Highlight peaks and behavior Tabulate results – minimums, maximums, and averages Filter results Edit text and graphs Wizard to compare two results surveys – “before and after!” Save as pdf, doc etc.

38. Reports and Documentation Add labels to draw attention to behavior

39. Reports and Documentation Tables and graphs compiled automatically

40. Reports and Documentation Filter report

41. Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

42. Reports and Documentation Comparing two studies

43. Safety: NFPA 70E Arc Flash Hazards

44. CAT IV and Bluetooth for Safety

45. Safety: Remote PDA Operation

46. Safety: Leaving monitor behind unattended

47. Conclusion Power monitoring is a process Connect correctly and safely V & I data logging most common study Energy analyzer addresses 60% of studies Sags/swells are most common PQ problem Harmonics and high-speed transients less significant Display need depends on attended/unattended operation New hand-held analyzers pack high performance Options for high voltage, high freq noise, motor diagnostics Report writer completes the job NFPA 70E has changed electrical maintenance & testing Bluetooth for remote control by PC or PDA