1. Liberalism Test your knowledge Rowena Hammal

2. Liberalism: Test your knowledge How to take the quiz Give yourself one mark for each correct answer, unless more than one answer is required. Keep track of your marks as you go, and add up your score at the end. Remember, this is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of everything you need to know, but it is a good way to gauge how well your revision is progressing.

3. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Principles (part 1) 1.Where does liberalism sit on the political spectrum? 2.What attitude do liberals take towards different religions, different genders and different ethnicities? 3.Why is classical liberalism suspicious of governments? 4.What mechanism ensures that the power of a government is limited? 5.Which economic system does liberalism support?

4. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Principles (part 2) 6.What is the term for a society in which many different groups, ideas, cultures and beliefs are allowed to co-exist? 7.If a person is free of legal constraints, even if they may be limited by their socio- economic status, they can be said to possess which type of liberty? 8.Which philosophy advocates ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ in society? 9.Which type of liberalism advocated free trade and a small state? 10.Which type of liberalism promoted greater equality of opportunity?

5. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Important figures Link the ideology to the figure (or figures) it is most associated with: 1. Utilitarianism 2. Classical liberalism 3. Social Darwinism 4. New liberalism 5. Social liberalism 6. Neo-liberalism 7. Libertarianism Thomas Hill Green John Maynard Keynes Milton Friedman Robert Nozick David Lloyd George Jeremy Bentham William Beveridge John Stuart Mill Margaret Thatcher Herbert Spencer

6. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Problems posed by liberalism (part 1) 1.What five-word phrase explains the problem posed to liberalism by democracy? 2.Why might a referendum be illiberal?

7. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Problems posed by liberalism (part 2) 3.Why was John Maynard Keynes arguably not a true liberal? 4.Why is there a tension between freedom and equality?

8. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Problems posed by liberalism (part 3) 5.Fill in the gaps: John Rawls suggested that, in order to decide how far society should strike a balance between freedom and equality, people should imagine that they are behind a ‘_____ ___ ______________’ which prevents them from knowing how fortunate they will be during their life. 6. Why did the Liberal Party, and later the Liberal Democrats, both struggle to maintain a unique identity?

9. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Principles (part 1) 1.Where does liberalism sit on the political spectrum? In the centre. 2.What attitude do liberals take towards different religions, different genders and different ethnicities? They are tolerant of difference and supportive of equality. 3.Why is classical liberalism suspicious of governments? Governments place limits upon the freedom of individuals. 4.What mechanism is designed to ensure that the power of a government is limited? A liberal constitution. 5.Which economic system does liberalism support? Capitalism. Total = 5 marks

10. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Principles (part 2) 6.What is the term for a society in which many different groups, ideas, cultures and beliefs are allowed to co-exist? Pluralist. 7.If a person is free of legal constraints, even if they may be limited by their socio- economic status, they can be said to possess which type of liberty? Negative liberty. 8.Which philosophy advocates ‘the greatest good for the greatest number’ in society? Utilitarianism. 9.Which type of liberalism advocated free trade and a small state? Classical liberalism. 10.Which type of liberalism promoted greater equality of opportunity? New liberalism, which was followed by welfare or social liberalism. Total = 5 marks

11. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Important figures Link the ideology to the figure (or figures) it is most associated with (1 mark for each correct match. Total = 10 marks): 1. Utilitarianism 2. Classical liberalism 3. Social Darwinism 4. New liberalism 5. Social liberalism 6. Neo-liberalism 7. Libertarianism Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Herbert Spencer Thomas Hill Green David Lloyd George John Maynard Keynes William Beveridge Milton Friedman Margaret Thatcher Robert Nozick

12. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Problems posed by liberalism (part 1) 1.What five-word phrase explains the problem posed to liberalism by democracy? The tyranny of the majority.(1 mark for correct phrase) 2.Why might a referendum be illiberal? Allowing people to vote on specific issues would appear to be liberal at first glance, as they are being given freedom of choice by the government. However, minorities may be outvoted by the majority, even though the issue in question may affect minorities more. A good example is gay marriage. Had gay marriage been put to a referendum, it might well have been rejected by a heterosexual majority who already enjoyed the freedom to marry. (1 mark for correct general explanation)

13. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Problems posed by liberalism (part 2) 3. Why was John Maynard Keynes arguably not a true liberal? This depends on how you define a liberal. He was certainly not a follower of classical liberal economics, which aims to keep state intervention to a minimum and allow market forces to operate freely. Keynes advocated massive public borrowing by the state in order to regenerate the British economy after the Second World War. This provided the economic background for the introduction of welfare liberalism. (1 mark for correct general explanation) 4. Why is there a tension between freedom and equality? Greater equality can only be achieved by taking more from those who have more, and giving it to those who have less. This infringes upon the freedom of the former, although ultimately it promotes the freedom of the latter, as they will no longer be limited by poverty. (1 mark for correct general explanation)

14. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Answers Problems posed by liberalism (part 3) 5. John Rawls suggested that, in order to decide how far society should strike a balance between freedom and equality, people should imagine that they are behind a ‘veil of ignorance’ which prevents them from knowing how fortunate they will be during their life. (1 mark for correct phrase) 6. Why did the Liberal Party, and later the Liberal Democrats, both struggle to maintain a unique identity? Both the Conservatives and Labour have adopted many liberal principles. (1 mark for correct general answer)

15. Liberalism: Test your knowledge Results Add up your marks to discover your total score out of 26. 26–24:You know your stuff. Congratulations. 23–20:Sound understanding though a few kinks to iron out. 19–15:Very good on the basics, but get back to your notes to improve your understanding. 14–10:Listen, can you hear that? Your textbook is calling you! It’s feeling neglected. 9–5:You need to get this stuff to stick in your brain. Read through your notes, wait a week, take this quiz again. 4–0:Have you lost your folder? Were you in class? Don’t wait: start learning this topic now. You can catch up if you put your mind to it.