1. Athens and Sparta

3. Athens vs. Sparta Population: 140,000 Government: Democracy
10 elected officials
Council of 500
Assembly
Social Structure:
Freemen, Aliens, Slaves
Women:
Property, kept at home
Education:
Only boys, ages 5-14/18
Values:
Participation in gov. &civic responsibility
Military: Strong Navy
Population: 8,000
Government:
Oligarchy
2 Kings
5 Ephors
28 Council/Senate Men
Assembly
Social Structure:
Spartans, Neighbors, Helots (slaves)
Women:
Almost equal to men, role to have healthy children
Education:
Both boys and girls at age 7
Values:
Military; “Obey & Endure”
Military: Strong Army

4. Persian Wars 500 – 448 BCE
the greatest understandable event in human memory; distinguished the Greek from the "barbarian" .

5. The Persian Empire
Cyrus the Great

6. Darius I: “Remember the Athenians…”

7. Battle of Marathon And the Winner is…Athens!

8. Xerxes: “I’ll be Back!”

9. To Awe his Opponents: The Pontoon Bridge and Canal through Mt. Athos

10. The Greek Hoplite Army

11. Greek vs. Persian

12. Prophecies of Delphi
Athens
“Wooden Walls”
Sparta
“Death of a king”

13. Battle of Thermopylae and the winner is…Persia!

14. Burn Athens burn!

15. Battle of Salamis And the winner is…the Greeks!

16. Persian War Aftermath: Athens and Sparta- “I ain’t your BFF
Persian War Aftermath: Athens and Sparta- “I ain’t your BFF!” Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League

17. Meanwhile… Athens achieved its “Golden/Classical Age”

18. Peloponnesian Wars “A war to end all wars…”

19. The 2 Sides: Athens vs. Sparta

20. Fast Facts… Source of information - Thucydides
Greeks called “the war b/w Peloponnesians and Athenians”
Lasted 27 years
Fighting ranged across Greek world
At wars end, “Golden Age” of Greece over

21. Why did the Peloponnesian war start?
According to Thucydides…
“Spartan fear of the growth of Athenian Power”
Big Idea: War of Opposing Ideologies
“This day will be the beginning of great evils for the Greeks.”

22. The War is On!
Sparta attacks Athens

23. Stage 1: The Age of Pericles
War strategy:
Caution
Major Event:
Athens overrun with plague
End of Stage 1:
Death of Pericles

24. Stage 2: Age of Cleon War strategy: Major Events: End of Stage 2:
Aggressive
Major Events:
Colonization
Mytilene
End of Stage 2:
Death of Cleon
Peace of Nicias

25. Stage 3: Age of Alcibiades
War strategy:
Aggressive
Major Events:
Ended Peace of Nicias
Punishment of Melos
Invasion of Sicily
End of Stage 3 and the War:
Spartans launched surprise attack on Athenian fleet; starved Athens into submission

26. Thucydides
“For never had so many cities been captured and destroyed, whether by the barbarians or by the Greeks who were fighting each other…Never had so many men been exiled or slaughtered, whether in the war or because of civil conflicts.”

27. Destroyer of Greek Independence OR Saviors of Greek Culture?
The Macedonians
Destroyer of Greek Independence OR Saviors of Greek Culture?

28. Macedonia North of Mt. Olympus Largest & wealthiest Greek city-state
Warlike people w/ loyalty to throne
“Lovers of things Greek”
Considered Barbarians by Greeks

29. Phillip II Father Alex. Great United Macedonia lands
Created new and improved phalanx
Conquered Greek peninsula; dreamed of defeating Persians
Big Idea: Alex. Great nobody, w/o daddy

30. Alexander the Great
Arguably one of the greatest military generals of all time
Created vast Empire
Ionian Sea to Himalaya Mts.
Responsible for preservation and diffusion of Hellenism