1. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ training. AMESD eStation users’ training N 09. Fires from RS and products Marco Clerici, JRC/IES/GEM

2. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Contents 1.Introduction (Fires in Africa) 2.Fire Products from RS: Active Fires and Burnt Areas 3.VGT4Africa products: Burnt Areas and ActiveFires 4.LSASAF-Active Fires products 5.Modis Products: Burnt Areas and Active Fires (FIRMS) 6.Conclusions

3. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Introduction

4. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Introduction Fire information steps (i) before fires: fire risk assessment (ii) during fires: detection of active fires. (ii) after fires: evaluation of burned surfaces

5. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Introduction Total annual burned area estimated at  2.6 million km 2 > 300,000 burn scars detected

6. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Duration of the fire season in African protected areas (Year 2000) 4 months 6 months 4, 6 & 8 months 4 situations ! 6 months 4 months

7. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. source: Tansey et al., 2004, Climatic Change, 67 Area burnt globally in 2000 and seasonal distribution: the GBA2000 product

8. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Fires from Remote Sensing How can we detect a Fire from Space ? 1. A fires emits a very strong radiation in certain spectral bands (Active Fires). 2. A burnt area has a ‘specific’ spectral signature (Burnt Areas).

9. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Fires from Remote Sensing (Active Fires) The radiation emitted by an object depends on its temperature (T), according to the Plank Function. The higher the T: - higher the total Emittance. - smaller the wl(max)

10. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Fires from Remote Sensing (Burnt Areas)

11. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. SPOT/VGT instrument has been used to: Create the GBA2000 Map (static product) Implement an operational BA product. Study the feasibility of an Active Fire product. VGT4Africa Products

12. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Burnt Areas product: GDBA algorithm Pre-processing: mask some pixels, due to: cloud and snow, viewing angle, fire smoke/thin cloud Processing: from bands B2, B3 and MIR derive a daily BA ‘probable’ product, using the ‘Spectral index change algorithm (IFI)’ Post-processing: Synthesis (10 days, 0.5x0.5 degrees) and Detection of seasonality (including First Day Of Burnt - FDOB). VGT4Africa Products

13. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. VGT4Africa Products The output is a dekadal file: VGT4AFRICA_BA_YYYYMMDD_Africa.zip Containing (among others): - YYYYMMDD_BA.HDF: the image of detected burnt areas - YYYYMMDD_BAE.HDF: the image of end of season - YYYYMMDD_BAS.HDF: the image of start of season - YYYYMMDD_BAM.HDF: the image of the date of the max of season - YYYYMMDD_BAF.HDF: the image of flag for the seasonality

14. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. VGT4Africa Products Start of season, as observed on 2002/06/21.

15. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. LSASAF Product

16. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. LSASAF Product

17. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. An improvement on fire detection Threshold Technique LSASAF Product

18. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. LSASAF Product

19. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. LSASAF Product The product (FIRA) is distributed from EumetCAST in NRF: Pixel Format (satellite projection) Not yet ingested nor processed on the eStation.

20. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. MODIS Products Two products (FIRA) are generated from MODIS instrument: MCD45A1: Burnt Areas (in HDF and GeoTIFF format) MCD14DL: Active Fires (in text format)

21. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. MODIS Products: MCD45A1 MCD45A1: MODIS level 3 Monthly tiled burned area product Tiling Scheme of the HDF product Filename:MCD45A1.A2000306.h16v07.005.2006360205845.hdf

22. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. MODIS Products: MCD45A1 Contents of the product: Burndate: 0 unburnt 1-366 - approximate Julian day of burning BA pixel QA : Confidence of the detection: 1 (most confident) to 4 (least confident)

23. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. MODIS Products: MCD45A1 Geografic sub-sets of the GeoTIFF product

24. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. MODIS Products: MCD14DL It is a simple text file containing the location (lat/long) of the active fires. It is generated by the FIRMS Service and finalized in NRT (two days delay maximum). Can be retrieved from the internet.

25. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing. Conclusions ProductTypeAvailability eStation GetIngestDerived products VGT4Africa BA Eumetcast(?) DevCoCast(?) xx- LSASAFFRPEumetcastxTBD- MCD45A1BAFtp serverxx Shapefile generation MCD14DLActive Fire Ftp serverxx-

26. Nairobi, 25 th /Oct. – 18 Dec 2010AMESD eStation users’ trianing.