1. History of Benzene 1824 - 1825 Isolated from burnt whale oil by Michael Faraday 1834 Eilhardt Mitscherlich finds benzene has formula of C 6 H 6 1861 Loschmidt proposes structure for benzoic acid and aniline

2. History of Benzene 1824 - 1825 Isolated from burnt whale oil by Michael Faraday 1834 Eilhardt Mitscherlich finds benzene has formula of C 6 H 6 1861 Loschmidt proposes structure for benzoic acid and aniline

3. History of Benzene 1865 Kekule has a dream 1865 Kekule invokes sausage diagrams Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 3, 98 (1865)

4. 10–4 History of Benzene 1865 Kekule has a dream 1865 Kekule invokes sausage diagrams Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 3, 98 (1865) 1866 Kekule introduces ring model for benzene

5. Alternate Benzene Structures

6. Fig. 15-2, p. 521

7. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity

8. p. 521 Benzene electron distribution map

9. Fig. 15-12, p. 532

10. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity Aromaticity vs. antiaromaticity

11. p. 523

12. p. 524

13. Hückel’s Rules for aromaticity Aromaticity vs. antiaromaticity Why 4n + 2 for aromatic and 4n for antiaromatic? Frost’s cycle

14. Fig. 15-3, p. 522 Benzene Molecular Orbitals

15. Cyclopentadienyl ions

16. Fig. 15-11, p. 531

17. Fig. 15-5, p. 526

18. Fig. 15-7, p. 527

19. Fig. 15-9a, p. 529

20. Fig. 15-9b, p. 529

21. A.Aromatic B.Antiaromatic C.Neither 5. 14-annulene

22. Pyridyl DHA Targets

23. Fig. 15-14, p. 535

24. p. 535

25. p. 540

26. p. 535

27. Aromatic Biomolecules 1.Amino acids 2.Nucleic acids

28. Fig. 15-8, p. 528

29. Fig. 15-9, p. 529

30. p. 533

31. p. 529

32. p. 533

33. p. 530

34. p. 540

35. p. 541

36. p. 337

37. p. 338

38. Table 9-2, p. 337

39. Summary

40. Fig. 9-16, p. 338

41. p. 340

42. p. 345