1. Presentation Welcome Office of the Registrar General, India Ministry of Home Affairs

2. Housing, Household Amenities and Assets - Key Results from Census 2011 D R C CHANDRAMOULI Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India

3. HOUSELISTING & HOUSING CENSUS Objective -prepare an unambiguous frame for Population Enumeration -collect data on housing, amenities and assets Carried out during April- September 2010

4. Large Population 2.4% of worlds surface area 1.2 bn population 2 nd largest in the world Multi-level 0.6 million villages 7933 Towns Multi-Ethnic 4,635 ethnic groups 80,000 Segments, Synonyms and Titles Challenges – Diverse & Vast

5. Multi-cultural 2875 religions and other persuasions 18 languages (training); 16 languages (canvassing); 6661 mother tongues Difficult people Nomads, Homeless, Forest/Island Dwellers Infants, Elderly women, Disabled Difficult Areas Disturbed civil conditions Inaccessible terrain Challenges – Diverse & Vast

6. Image based Recognition (ICR) Manual completion of unrecognized characters Census 2011 Process Scanning Database/ Tabulation Data Dissemination Image validation

7. DATA COLLECTION 35 items of information collected 27 lakh Census functionaries 1.5 crore Schedules processed 16 languages ICR technology used for data processing Houselisting and Housing Census excluded houseless households. The data on amenities and assets covers normal households only and excludes Institutional households

8. Key Results ….

9. Increase of 8 cr Census houses from 25 cr to 33 cr (T-33%;R-24%; U 54%) Increase of 6 cr Census houses used as residential and partly residential purposes from 19 cr to 25 cr (T- 31 %; R- 23%; U- 51%) Though figures of houseless population and infirm structures would be required for making accurate estimation of housing shortage, the trend seems to be a reducing one. HOUSING - QUANTITY

10. Census Houses – India 2011 Census HousesTotalRuralUrban Total33.122.111.0 Occupied30.620.79.9 Residential23.616.07.6 Residential-cum-other uses 0.90.60.2 Non-residential6.24.12.1 Vacant2.51.41.1 Number of households24.716.87.9 (In crore)

11. Census House TotalRuralUrban 20012011 Variat ion % 20012011 Varia tion % 20012011 Varia tion % Number of census houses 24.933.132.817.822.124.37.211.053.8 Occupied census houses 23.330.631.316.820.723.16.59.952.1 Used as residence17.923.631.712.916.023.95.07.651.6 Used as residence- cum-other use 0.80.98.80.6 3.30.2 23.3 Housing stock18.724.530.713.516.623.05.27.851.0 (In crore) Variation in the Number of Census Houses – India 2001 & 2011

12. Number of Households and the Housing Stock – India 1991-2011 The gap between households and housing stock is narrowing (In crore)

13. Decline in proportion of households using Grass/Thatch/Bamboo/ Wood/ Mud/Tiles as material of roof (T-16 pt; R-17 pt; U -9 pt) Increase in proportion of households using GI/Metal/Asbestos sheets and Concrete (T- 14 pt; R- 13 pt; U- 9.7 pt) Decline in proportion of households using Grass/Thatch/Bamboo/ Mud/Un burnt Brick as material of Wall (T- 9 pt; R-10 pt; U- 5 pt) Increase in proportion of households using Burnt Brick and Stone (T- 10 pt; R- 9 pt; U - 4 pt) Decline in proportion of households using Mud as material of floor (T- 11 pt; R- 10 pt; U – 6 pt) HOUSING - QUALITY Substantial improvement in Quality of Housing

14. Households by Material of Roof – India 1991 - 2011 Material of roof199120012011 Grass/ Thatch/Bamboo/Wood/ Mud, etc 31.321.915.0 Tiles 36.132.623.8 Hand made tiles NA 14.5 Machine made tiles NA 9.3 GI/ Metal/ Asbestos sheets 8.611.615.9 Concrete 10.819.829.0 Others 13.214.116.3 HHs (in %)

15. Proportion of HHs (%)

16. Households by Material of Roof – India 2001 & 2011 Material RuralUrban 20012011Change20012011Change Grass/Thatch/Bamboo/ Wood/Mud 27.720.0-7.77.04.6-2.4 Tiles:37.628.7-8.919.7 13.2 -6.5 Hand made tilesNA18.3NA 6.2 Machine made tilesNA10.4NA 7.0 G. I. / Metal/ Asbestos sheets 9.815.96.116.1 15.9 0.2 Concrete11.018.37.342.4 51.9 9.5 Others14.017.13.114.8 14.4 -0.4 HHs (in %)

17. Households by Material of Wall - India 1991 - 2011 Material of wall199120012011 Grass/ Thatch/Bamboo, etc 10.310.29.0 Mud/ Un-burnt bricks 41.532.223.7 Stone 10.19.414.2 Packed with mortar NA 10.8 Not packed with mortar NA 3.4 Burnt brick 34.243.747.5 Others 3.94.55.7 HHs (in %)

18. Proportion of HHs (%)

19. Households by Material of Wall – India 2001 & 2011 Material RuralUrban 20012011Change20012011Change Grass/Thatch/Bamboo 12.611.9-0.73.92.7-1.2 Mud/ Un-burnt bricks 39.730.5-9.212.89.3-3.5 Stone 10.513.63.16.715.08.3 Packed with mortar NA 10.0NA 12.3NA Not packed with mortar NA 3.6NA 2.7NA Burnt brick 34.240.05.868.063.5-4.5 Others 3.03.90.98.69.50.9 HHs (in %)

20. Material of Floor Material of floor199120012011 Mud 67.057.146.5 Stone -5.88.1 Cement 21.326.531.1 Mosaic/ Floor tiles 3.87.310.8 Others 7.93.33.5 HHs (in %)

21. Proportion of HHs (%)

22. Households by Material of Floor – India 2001 & 2011 Material RuralUrban 20012011Change20012011Change Mud 72.362.6-9.718.012.2-5.8 Stone 4.56.21.79.112.23.1 Cement 18.024.26.248.345.8-2.5 Mosaic/ Floor tiles 2.23.71.520.525.95.4 Others 3.03.20.24.13.8-0.3 HHs (in %)

23. HOUSING - QUALITY Decline in proportion of households having no exclusive room and 1 room (T – 1 pts; U – 2 pt) Increase in proportion of households having 2 and 3 rooms (T – 2 pts; R – 1 pt; U – 2 pt) Increase in the number of households with 1 to 4 members and decline in 5 and above members Decrease in proportion of households with 3 or more Married Couples (T - 1 pt; R – 1; U – No change) 87% of the households live in own houses

24. No. of rooms20012011 TotalRuralUrbanTotalRuralUrban No exclusive room 3.13.42.33.94.33.1 One room 38.5 39.8 35.137.139.432.1 Two rooms 30.0 30.2 29.531.732.230.6 Three rooms 14.3 13.3 17.114.512.718.4 Four rooms 7.57.08.77.56.69.3 Five rooms 2.92.83.32.62.33.3 Six rooms and above 3.73.64.02.82.53.3 Distribution of Households by Number of Rooms HHs (in %)

25. INDIA 2001 INDIA 2011 Households by Number of Rooms (%)

26. Household Size TotalRuralUrban 200120112001201120012011 All Households100.0 13.63.73.5 3.7 3.6 28.29.78.2 9.88.2 9.5 311.113.610.412.612.715.9 419.022.717.721.022.426.4 518.718.818.518.919.218.5 6-828.124.929.626.924.420.6 9 +11.36.612.2 7.29.3 5.4 Distribution of Households by Household Size - India HHs (in %)

27. INDIA 2001 INDIA 2011 Households by Household Size (%)

28. No. of married couples TotalRuralUrban 200120112001201120012011 None11.111.610.511.112.612.7 170.370.169.369.673.071.2 213.514.114.614.910.812.6 33.63.24.03.42.72.9 41.00.71.10.80.70.6 5+0.50.20.50.3 0.2 Number of Married Couples in a Household HHs (in %)

29. Distribution of Households by Tenure Status (in %) Status199120012011 Owned Total86.386.786.6 Rural94.694.494.7 Urban63.166.869.2 Rented Total11.810.511.1 Rural4.03.63.4 Urban34.128.527.5 Others Total1.82.82.4 Rural1.52.11.9 Urban2.84.73.3

30. Distribution of Households by Tenure Status - Owned

31. Household Amenities

32. Drinking Water:  87% of households using Tap, Tube well, Hand pump and Covered well as source of drinking water  32% households using Tap water from treated sources  47% of households have source of water within the premises (R – 35%; U – 71%)  36% of households have to fetch water from a source located within 500 m in rural areas/100 m in urban areas  18% still fetch drinking water from a source located more than 500 m away in rural areas or 100 m in urban areas AMENITIES

33. Drinking Water Sources Sources Number of Households (in crore) Percentage 1. Tap:10.7443.5 (a) From treated sources7.8932.0 (b) From un-treated sources2.8511.6 2. Well2.7211.0 (a) Covered well0.381.6 (b) Un-covered well2.339.4 3. Hand pump8.2533.5 4. Tube well / Borehole2.098.5 5.All others0.863.5 RANKING : TAP

35. Selected Drinking Water Sources India 2011 Tap Water Hand Pump Covered well Tube well / Borehole Total 43.533.51.68.5 Rural 30.843.61.58.3 Urban 70.611.91.78.9 HHs (in %)

36. Distribution of Households by Major Sources of Drinking Water Total/ Rural/ Urban Tap Hand pump & Tube-well Well 199120012011199120012011199120012011 Total32.336.743.530.041.242.032.218.211.0 Rural20.624.330.834.948.951.938.022.213.3 Urban65.168.770.616.321.420.815.97.76.2 Rural – Urban Diff. 44.544.439.8-18.6-27.5-31.1-22.1-14.5-7.1 (HH in %)

37. Proportion of HHs (%)

38. Distribution of Households by Source of Drinking Water – Tap

39. Distribution of Households by Source of Drinking Water – Hand pump & Tube well

40. (HH in %) Access to Drinking Water Source - India TRUWithin premisesNear *Away @ 200120112001201120012011 Total 39.0 46.644.335.816.717.6 Rural 28.0 35.051.842.919.522.1 Urban 65.4 71.225.220.79.48.0 R-U Diff 37.4 36.2-26.6-22.2-10.1-14.1 *: ‘Near’- Within 500 metres in rural areas or within 100 metres in urban areas @ : ‘Away’- 500 metres or beyond in rural areas or 100 metres or beyond in urban areas

41. Main source of lighting  67% households use electricity (R – 55%; U- 93%)  Increase of 11pt over 2001 (R – 12 pt; U- 5 pt)  Rural Urban difference reduced by 7 pts from 44 pts in 2001 to 37 pts in 2011  31% of households use Kerosene (R – 43%; U- 7%)  Decline of 12 pt over 2001 (R – 12 pt; U- 5 pt) AMENITIES

42. Main Source of Lighting, 2011 India Source of lighting Households (in crore) Percentage Electricity16.5867.3 Kerosene7.7531.4 Solar energy0.110.4 Other Oil0.050.2 Any Other0.050.2 No lighting0.110.5 RANKING : ELECTRICITY

43. Proportion of HHs (%)

44. Households having Electricity as Main Source of Lighting - India Electricity Change (pts) 1991200120112001-11 Total42.455.967.311.4 Rural27.243.555.311.8 Urban64.887.692.75.1 R-U Diff37.644.137.4 (HH in %)

45. Households using Electricity as Source of Lighting

46.  Bathing facility:  58% households have bathing facility (R – 45%;U – 87%)  Increase of 22 pts over 2001 ( R -22 pts; U – 17 pts)  Rural-Urban difference reduced by 26 pts from 48 pts in 2001 to 22 pts in 2011 AMENITIES

47. Having bathing facility within premises Have facilityDoes not have facility BathroomEnclosure without roof Total42.016.441.6 Rural25.419.755.0 Urban77.59.513.0 Households Having Bathing Facility Within the Premises - 2011 India (in %)

48. Have bathing facilityChange (pts) 200120112001-11 Total36.158.422.3 Rural22.845.022.2 Urban70.487.016.6 R-U Diff47.622.0 (HH in %) Households Having Bathing Facility Within the Premises - India

49. Drainage connectivity:  51% households have drainage facility (R – 37%;U – 82%)  18% households have closed drainage (R – 6%;U – 45%)  33% households have open drainage (R – 31%;U – 37%)  49% households have no drainage facility (R– 63%; U – 18%)  5 pt decline in households having no drainage (R–3 pt;U – 4 pt)  Rural-Urban difference in no drainage increased by 1 pt from 44 pt in 2001 to 45 pts in 2011 AMENITIES

50. Households Having Drainage Connectivity - India : 2001 & 2011 (HH in %) Have facility No drainage Closed drainageOpen drainage 200120112001201120012011 Total12.518.133.933.053.648.9 Rural3.95.830.331.065.863.3 Urban34.544.543.437.322.118.2 Rural-Urban Diff.30.638.713.16.3-43.7-45.1

51.  Latrine within premises:  47% households have latrine facility (R – 31%;U – 81%)  36% households have water closet (R – 19%;U – 73%)  9% households have pit latrine (R – 11%;U – 7%)  1% households have other types of latrine (R– 1%; U – 2%)  11 pt decline in households having no latrine (R–9 pt;U –8 pt AMENITIES

52. Households having latrine facility within the premises - 2011 India Sources Number of Households (in crore) HHs having latrine facility within premises (%) 1. Have latrine facility11.57100.0 a. Flush/ pour flush connected to8.9977.6 (i) Piped water system2.9525.4 (ii) Septic tank5.4847.3 (iii) Other system0.564.9 b. Pit latrine2.3320.0 (i) With slab/ ventilated1.8816.2 (ii) Without slab/ Open pit0.453.8 c. Night soil disposed into open drain0.131.1 d. Service latrine0.131.1 (i) Night soil removed by human0.080.7 (ii) Night soil serviced by animal0.050.4 RANKING : LATRINE WITHIN PREMISES

53. Households Having Latrine Facility India : 2001 & 2011 (HH in %) Have latrine facility within premises Do not have latrine facility within premises 2001201120012011 Total36.446.963.653.0 Rural21.930.778.169.3 Urban73.781.426.318.6 Rural-Urban Diff. 51.850.7-51.8-50.7

54. Households having No Latrine Facility - India : 2001 & 2011

55.  Kitchen  61% households have Kitchen facility (R – 53%;U – 79%)  56% households have Kitchen facility within premises (R – 45%;U – 78%)  6% households have Kitchen facility outside premises (R – 7%;U – 2%). AMENITIES

56. Households Having Separate Kitchen 2011, India Availability of kitchenTotalRuralUrban Total 100.0 100.00 1. Cooking inside house: 87.383.393.0 (a) Has kitchen 55.845.470.3 (b) Does not have kitchen 31.537.922.7 2. Cooking outside house 12.416.46.5 (a) Has kitchen 5.57.33.0 (b) Does not have kitchen 6.89.13.5 3. No cooking 0.30.20.5 RANKING : HAS KITCHEN (HH in %)

57. AMENITIES Fuel Used for Cooking  67% households use firewood/crop residue, cow dung cake/coal etc (R –87%;U – 26%)  29% households use LPG/PNG/Electricity/Biogas (R – 12%;U – 66%)  3% households use Kerosene (R – 1%;U – 8%)  Increase of 11 pts in use of LPG (R – 6 pt; U – 17 pt)

58. Fuel used for Cooking 2011 India Fuel used for cookingTotalRuralUrban 200120112001201120012011 1. Fire-wood 52.5 49.0 64.162.5 22.720.1 2. Crop residue 10.0 8.9 13.112.32.11.4 3. Cow dung cake 9.8 8.0 12.810.92.01.7 4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal 2.0 1.4 1.10.84.62.9 5. Kerosene 6.5 2.9 1.60.7 19.27.5 6. LPG/ PNG 17.5 28.5 5.711.4 48.065.0 7. Electricity 0.2 0.1 0.30.2 8. Biogas 0.4 0.50.4 9. Any other 0.6 0.5 0.80.60.2 10. No cooking 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.5 RANKING : FIREWOOD RANKING : LPG/PNG

59. India 2011

60. Households using Firewood as Fuel Used in Cooking

61. Households using LPG/PNG as Fuel Used in Cooking

62. Household Assets

63. Number of HHs (in crore) Percentages 2001201120012011 Availing banking services Total 6.82 14.4835.5458.70 Rural 4.16 9.1430.1154.44 Urban 2.66 5.3449.5267.77 R – U Difference19.413.3 Households Availing Banking Services India 2001 & 2011 Census

64. Radio/Transistor:  20% households have Radio/Transistor (R – 17%;U – 25%)  Decrease of 15 pts (R – 14 pt;U – 19 pt) Television:  47% households have Television (R – 33%;U –77%)  Increase of 16 pts (R – 14 pt;U – 12 pt) ASSETS

65. Households Possessing Assets Radio/Transistor: 4.9 crore (19.9%) households Rural – 17.3% & Urban – 25.3%) (Decreased by T: 15.2 pts; R: 14.2; U: 19.2) Television: 11.7 crore (47.2%) households Rural – 33.4% & Urban – 76.7%) (Increased by T: 15.6 pts; R: 14.5; U: 12.4)

66. Computer/Laptop: About 20% households in urban areas and 5% in rural areas possess the asset Computer/Laptop: 9% households have Computer/laptop (R -5%; U – 19%) 3% households have Internet (R -1%; U – 8%) 6% households have no internet (R-4%; U-10%) ASSETS

67. AssetsTotalRuralUrban Computer: 9.55.2 18.7 Computer/Laptop - With Internet 3.10.7 8.3 Computer/Laptop - Without Internet 6.44.5 10.4 Household Possessing Assets: Computer – India 2011 Census RANKING : COMPUTER (HH in %)

68. Telephone  63% households have Telephone (R – 54%;U – 82%)  Increase of 54 pts (R – 51 pt;U – 59 pt) Mobile phone:  59% households have Mobile Telephone (R – 51%;U – 76%) ASSETS

69. Households Possessing Assets Telephone/Mobile - India RANKING : MOBILE AssetsTotalRuralUrban Telephone/Mobile: 63.254.4 82.0 Landline only 4.03.1 6.0 Mobile only 53.248.0 64.3 Both 6.03.3 11.7 (HH in %)

70. Assets Possessed by Households Mobile Phones

71. 4 Wheelers (Car/Jeep/Van)  5% households have 4 Wheelers (R – 2%;U – 10%)  Increase of 2 pts (R – 1 pt;U – 4 pt) 2 Wheelers (Scooter/Motorcycle/Moped)  21% households have 2 Wheelers (R – 14%;U – 35%)  Increase of 9 pts (R – 8 pt;U – 11pt) Bicycle  45% households have Bicycles (R – 46%;U – 42%)  Increase of 1 pts (R – 3 pt;U – (-) 4 pt) ASSETS

72. Bicycle: 11.1 crore (44.8%) households (Rural – 46.2% & Urban – 42%) (Increase by T: 1.1 pts; R: 3.4; U: - 4.0) Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped: 5.2 crore (21.0%) households (Rural – 14.3% & Urban – 35.2%) (Increased by T: 21.0 pts; R: 14.3; U: 35.2) Car/Jeep/ Van: 1.1 crore (4.7%) households (Rural – 2.3% & Urban – 9.8%) (Increased by T: 2.1 pts; R: 1.0; U: 4.1)

73. Assets Possessed by Households Computer with Internet

74. ASSETS No asset  18% households do not have any of the specified assets (R – 23%;U –7%)  Decrease of 7 pts (R – 22 pts; U – 26 pt)

75. None of the specified assetsChange (pts) 200120112001-11 Total34.517.8-16.9 Rural40.522.9-17.6 Urban19.07.0-12.0 R-U Diff-21.5-15.9 Households Possessing None of the Specified Assets - India RANKING : NONE OF THE ASSETS

76. Households not Possessing any of the Specified Assets

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