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Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller.

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Presentation on theme: "Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller."— Presentation transcript:

1 Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea SEGEMAR - INTEMIN Taller

2 Implicaciones ambientales de la extracción de rocas y minerales no metalíferos 5-Presentación de resultados Dr. J.L. Fernández Turiel Buenos Aires, 22-24 de agosto de 2005

3 ASTERISMOS PROJECT AS PONTES ASTERISMOS PROJECT

4 AS PONTES COAL MINE

5 Timing 1956 (start) 1984 1991 1997 2010 (end) Area A: As Pontes mine (10 %) - 13 km x 7 km Area B: Regional setting - 36 km x 26 km A B AS PONTES COAL MINE

6 Restoration Map (Final) Time of Mine Life RESTORATION PLANNING AND MONITORING DSS PCALC Land use - Land cover Regional Setting Land use - Land cover Mine Area SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Map (Final) Restoration Maps (Annual Working Plans)

7 PCALC REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY MINE AREARESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection REGIONAL SETTINGVEGETATION PATTERN classification DSS

8 ASTERISMOS PROJECT GIS REMOTE SENSING RESTORATION ASSESSMENT specific geology, land use/cover, relief pattern, transport distance,... CRITERIA general legislation and economy DSS

9 flat area slope terrace hole A A B B Slope criteria AS PONTES RESTORATION

10 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1984 0 5 10 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

11 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1991 0 5 10 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

12 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES - 1997 0 5 10 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 05/04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

13 LAND USE (Ha)198419911997 Pasture and crops 28359.826870.924920.8 Shrubland11289.125765.235874.8 Deciduous forest26397.621769.416656.4 Perennial forest20948.217337.514481.6 Unvegetated476.4524.2546.9 Water681.3617.5697.2 Burnt area5691.4959.1666.1 Total93843.8 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES

14 PERENNIAL FOREST DECIDUOUS FOREST MINE OPEN PIT DUMP AGRICULTURE FORESTRY NATURAL PARK final filling FOREST land use diversity < 2.5-16 o slope < 2.5 o < 16 o LAKE SHRUBLANDGRASSLAND

15 DSS RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

16 DSS RESTORATION MAP – BASE CASE AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m) Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water

17 TRADITIONAL FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m) Grassland Shrubland Forest Buildings Water

18 ENDESA (Ha)DSS (Ha) Grassland 295475 Forest 648621 Shrubland 14027 Water 892851 Total 1974 TRADITIONAL AND DSS FINAL RESTORATION MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

19 TasksTraditional ground-based surveys ASTERISMOS DSS 1. Criteria and measures definition 3 person /month2200 € (satellite imagery) 2 person /month 2. Final DEM a) Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey (existing terrane) 9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m b) Planned new areas (future terrane) 2 p/m 3. DSS construction 1 p/m 4. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 1 p/m0.25 p/m TOTAL 9000 € + 7 p/m6300 € + 5.35 p/m  30 % +  25 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

20 PCALC REMOTE SENSING METHODOLOGY MINE AREARESTORATION EVOLUTION multitemporal change detection REGIONAL SETTINGVEGETATION PATTERN classification DSS

21 MULTITEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION 1956 extrapolated classification 1984 classification 1956-1984 restoration map 1997 classification 1991 classification 1984-1991 restoration map 1991-1997 restoration map 1984-1997 restoration map

22 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1984 0 1 2 km Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N

23 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1991 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 1 2 km

24 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AS PONTES COAL MINE - 1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 05/04/1997 Stepwise Linear Supervised Classification LEGEND Pasture, grassland and crop Shrubland Deciduous-mixed forest Perennial forest Bare Soil outside mine Bare soil: clay Bare soil:coal covered area Bare soil: slate Water: sea and reservoir Water: mine clear water Water: mine turbid water Burnt area Unclassified N 0 1 2 km

25 POST-CLASSIFICATION AUTOMATIC LOGICAL COMPARISON MATRIX

26 POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1956 - 1984 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 (100 % veg. 1956) - 08/09/1984 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km

27 POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 and 11/08/1991 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km

28 POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1991-1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 11/08/1991 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km

29 POST CLASSIFICATION RESTORATION MAP AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984-1997 Landsat 5 - TM - Bands 1-2-3-4-5-7 08/09/1984 and 05/04/1997 Post classification automatic logical comparison LEGEND C.restored grassland C. restored shrubland C. restored deciduous forest C. restored perennial forest C. bare soil C. water N. restored grassland N. restored shrubland N. restored deciduous forest N. restored perennial forest N.C. bare soil N.C. Water Original Vegetation CHANGE (C) NO CHANGE (N) N 0 1 2 km

30 EVOLUTION OF MINING ACTIVITY AS PONTES COAL MINE 1984 - 1991 - 1997 LEGEND Affected area in 1984 Affected area in 1991 Affected area in 1997 Not affected Mine perimeter Landsat 5 - TM Years: 1984 - 1991 - 1997 Bare soil classes in stepwise classification N 0 1 2 km

31 1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE

32 1997 ENDESA RESTORATION AND 1984-1997 PCALC MAPS AS PONTES COAL MINE Grassland Shrubland Deciduous forest Not restored area Conniferous forest Restored area

33 Land use \ Pair of years 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97 56 - 84 84 - 91 91 - 97 Hectares % Grassland08.7239.5 0.00.37.9 Shrubland0125.9583.1 0.04.119.2 Deciduous forest012.395.2 0.00.43.1 Perennial forest087106.9 0.02.93.5 Original Vegetation1169.4665.3581.6 38.521.919.2 Water9.87.86.8 0.3 0.2 Bare soil888.31160.5454.4 29.338.215.0 Planned lake (< 340 m)968.8 31.9 Total mine area3036.3 100.0 Total Restored0233.91024.7 0.07.733.7 RESTORATION EVALUATION

34 Tasks Traditional ground- based surveys ASTERISMOS PCALC 1. DEM of year of interest (Photogrametric restitution and topographic survey) 9000 € (aerial photography) + 1.5 p/m 4100 € (satellite imagery – stereo pair) + 0.1 p/m 2. Restoration (land use) map evaluation 0.25 p/m 4400 € (2 satellite images) + 0.25 p/m TOTAL9000 € + 7 p/m 8500 €+ 0.35 p/m  5 % +  95 % COSTS OF TRADITIONAL AND ASTERISMOS PROCEDURES

35 FINAL RESTORATION PLAN AS PONTES COAL MINE - 2010 WITH PLANNED LAKE (h < 340 m)

36

37 Mejora de la eficiencia y de la competitividad de la economía argentina INTI - Unión Europea Taller

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