1. Case Study: Disinfection byproducts in a recently constructed public water supply Maria O’Connell, P.E. Kristine Wheeler, P.E. New York State Department of Health Glens Falls District Office

2. Service Area Intake Wilton Stillwater V/T Saratoga Hills Burnt Hills/ Ballston Lake & CPWA Global Foundries

3. SCWA Water System Hudson River Low Lift Pumps Raw Water Transmission Main Chemical Injection: Permanganate, Coagulant (PACL) and Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) Mixing Basin Filter Pumps Membrane Filter Racks (14 MGD) Chemical Injection: Chlorine and Caustic Soda (pH adjustment) Clearwell for chlorine contact time (1 MG) High Lift Pumps Finished Water Transmission Main (≈30 miles) Finished Water Storage at Global Foundries (5 MG)

4. Purchase Customers Wilton Burnt-Hills-Ballston Lake Clifton Park Water Authority State Farm Insurance (via CPWA) Round Lake (via Clifton Park) Stillwater Village Stillwater Town Global Foundries Moreau (emergency connection pending 2013) Mechanicville (possible emergency connection)

5. Global Foundries

6. Source: Hudson River Turbidity Color Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Algae

7. Low Lift Pump Station

8. Chemical Injection Sodium Permanganate Polyaluminum Chloride (PACL) Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) ◦Taste & Odor ◦DBP Precursors Sodium Hypochlorite Caustic Soda

9. Mixing Basin Pre-filter Chemical Mixing Short Detention Time No Significant Pretreatment Enhanced Coagulation BAT for DBPs

10. Membrane Filters Pall Aria Membrane Microfiltration LT2ESWTR Giardia & Crypto Removal Dissolved Matter, DBP Precursor Removal Membrane Fouling

11. Lagoons No Discharge, no SPDES permit Increased filter cleaning frequencies caused increased recycle rates Increased DBP Precursor Loading

12. Clearwell & CT

13. Finished Water Transmission Main About 30 miles 36” then 30” diameter Detention time Two smaller diameter pipes ◦Back up ◦Lower detention time

14. Finished Water Storage Located at Luther Forest Technology Campus 5 Million Gallons Booster Chlorination Recirculation Dedicated to Global Foundries

15. Total Trihalomethanes 2012 Running Annual Average (ug/l) Public Water Supply NameQ1Q2Q3Q4 Burnt Hills Ballston Lake WD55.064.382.568.8 Clifton Park Water Authority42.637.234.343.6 Round Lake Village79.985.097.8118.5 Saratoga County Water Authority50.552.952.254.6 Saratoga Hills Park (Stillwater)55.077.399.5111.8 State Farm Insurance (Bldg 2)87.0107.8120.2144.5 Stillwater Village36.055.774.786.8 Stillwater WD #141.351.085.8104.3 Wilton Water & Sewer Authority29.631.634.250.0 Moreau Town (Queensbury)49.861.557.253.5

16. Total Trihalomethanes - CPWA 2012 Running Annual Average (ug/l) Sample SiteQ1Q2Q3Q4 Blue Spruce Water Storage Tank56.851.556.070.3 Boyack Rd.0.0 4.03.2 Bruno Rd. Storage Tank7.37.5 12.7 Grooms Tavern23.321.825.325.6 Jonesville Fire Dept.*33.025.539.749.5 Riverview Rd.*25.521.023.522.5 Round Lake Rd. Metering*21.043.556.060.8 State Farm Regional Office (Bldg 1)82.068.050.369.0 *Sites only have 1 year of data

17. Haloacetic Acids 2012 Running Annual Average (ug/l) Public Water Supply NameQ1Q2Q3Q4 Burnt Hills Ballston Lake WD18.522.938.3 Clifton Park Water Authority34.324.419.325.8 Round Lake Village52.443.144.445.7 Saratoga County Water Authority61.548.535.232.2 Saratoga Hills Park (Stillwater)35.349.855.055.3 State Farm Insurance36.336.0 39.0 Stillwater Village35.053.757.360.5 Stillwater WD #120.525.531.332.8 Wilton Water & Sewer Authority25.020.127.440.5 Moreau Town (Queensbury)18.8 22.524.5

18. Haloacetic Acids - CPWA 2012 Running Annual Average (ug/l) Sample SiteQ1Q2Q3Q4 Blue Spruce Water Storage Tank46.832.331.544.0 Boyack Rd.0.00.60.41.5 Bruno Rd. Storage Tank4.34.03.76.2 Grooms Tavern13.312.913.614.6 Jonesville Fire Dept.*30.020.019.629.0 Riverview Rd.*13.811.8 11.5 Round Lake Rd. Metering*30.026.534.741.0 State Farm Regional Office29.334.836.352.0 *Sites only have 1 year of data

19. Factors for Evaluation Groundwater vs Surface Water Stage 1 vs Stage 2 DBP Rule Conventional vs Membrane Finished TOC Comparable NOM Species Reactivity Varies Detention Time

20. Challenges Round Lake is on SNC List Stillwater Pending SNC List Stage 1 vs. Stage 2 DBP Rule Public Notification

21. Looking Forward Permanganate has been added PAC trial at Raw Water PS Evaluate other oxidants and disinfectants Tank Aeration Increased Flows Distribution System Management Operator Training Carbon Filtration? Pretreatment?

22. Thank you!