1. Microcontroller – PIC – 4 PIC types PIC architecture

2. PIC microcontroller PIC  Peripheral Interface Controller
by Microchip Technology
These devices have been very successful in 8-bit microcontrollers.
Why?  Microchip Technology has continuously upgraded the device architecture and added needed peripherals to the microcontroller to suit customers' requirements.
The development tools [assembler and simulator] are freely available at 

3. Low-end PIC architecture
have limited program/code memory
for applications requiring simple interface functions and small program & data memories
Some device nos.
12C5XX  16C5X  16C505

4. Mid-range PIC arc… more number of peripherals,
more number of registers and
more data/program memory.
Some devices are
16C6X  16C7X  16F87X
Program memory type is indicated by alphabet: C = EPROM  OTM (one-time programmable) F = Flash  RC = Mask ROM [cheapest, burnt while IC fabrication]

5. UV-EPROM

6. Mem. vs. Pins vs. Versions

7. Compare 8-bit PIC arch.
Visit

9. PIC CPU archi.

10. Baseline PIC® Microcontrollers

11. read
Simple 33 (12-bit wide) instruction set for ease of use and quick development
2K word (3 KB) addressable program memory
144 bytes RAM (max)
2 level hardware stack
1 (8-bit) file select register
Multiple product options and easy migration

12. Mid-range PIC

13. read 35 (14-bit wide) instructions
8K word (14 KB) addressable program memory
46 bytes RAM (max)
8 level hardware stack
1 (9-bit) file select register
Hardware interrupt handling
Highly integrated feature set, including EEPROM, LCD, mTouch™ sensing solutions and serial communications

14. Enhanced Mid-Range PIC

15. read 49 (14-bit wide) instructions
32K word (56 KB) addressable program memory
4KB RAM (max)
16 level hardware stack
2 (16-bit) file select registers
Hardware interrupt handling with content save
Advanced feature set, multiple serial communications and motor control capability

16. PIC18

17. read
K series
Provides the highest performance with benchmark nanoWatt XLP extreme low power consumption.
83 (16-bit wide) powerful C-optimized
Up to 2 MB addressable program memory
4KB RAM (max)
32 level hardware stack
1 (8-bit) file select register
Integrated 8x8 hardware multiply
Highest performance 8-bit architecture

18. Why PIC is popular?
Speed: Harvard Architecture, RISC architecture, 1 instruction cycle = 4 clock cycles.
Instruction set simplicity: The instruction set has 35 instructions for PIC16 (as opposed to 111 instructions for 8051).

19. Why PIC is popular?... Power-on-reset and brown-out reset.
Brown-out-reset means when the power supply goes below a specified voltage (say 4V), it causes PIC to reset; hence malfunction is avoided. 
A watchdog timer (user programmable) resets the processor, if the software/program ever malfunctions and deviates  from its normal operation.

20. Why PIC is popular?...
PIC microcontroller has 4 optional clock sources.
  Low power crystal
  Mid range crystal
  High range crystal
  RC oscillator (low cost).
Programmable timers and on-chip ADC.
Up to 12 independent interrupt sources.

21. Why PIC is popular?... I/O port expansion capability.
EPROM/
OTP[one-time programmable] ROM/
Masked version/
Flash memory option.
I/O port expansion capability.
Free assembler and simulator support from Microchip at 

22. PIC CPU archi.

23. PIC Memory Organization
has 13 bits of program/code memory address.
Hence it can address up to 8k [213=8192] of program memory.
The program counter is 13-bit.
PIC 16C6X or 16C7X program memory is 2k or 4k.
While addressing 2k of program memory, only 11-bits are required. Hence two MSBs of the program counter are ignored.
Similarly, while addressing 4k of memory, 12 bits are required. Hence the MSB of the program counter is ignored.
2^10 = ^11 = 2048
2^12= ^13=8192
2^14=16384 … 2^16=65536

24. Data mem. / RAM Data memory (Register Files):
Data Memory aka Register File.
Register File consists of two components.
General purpose register file (same as RAM).
Special purpose register file (similar to SFR in 8051: Special Function Registers (SFRs) of 128 bytes) – fixed & every microcontroller must have them
It consists of I/O ports and control registers
 Recall registers of 8086 & compare

25. PIC18 has a max of 4096 bytes (4K) [2^12=4096]of data RAM space.
Size of special-purpose reg [SPR] is fixed
Size of general-purpose reg [GPR] varies from 256 B to 4096 B.
GPR is divided into banks of 256B each [more – ch.6]

26. Data mem map

27. PIC18 – I/O pins Can have from 16 to 72 pins – dedicated for I/O
[more ch. 4]

28. PIC18 - peripherals
All PIC18 family have the following standard peripherals –
ADC
Timers
USART [universal synchronous asynchronous receiver transmitter] – it allows us to connect the PIC18-based system to serial ports (e.g., COM port of the IBM PC)

29. PIC µC peripherals CAN- (Controller Area Network),
LIN- (Local Interconnect Network),
USB- (Universal Serial Bus),
I²C- (Inter-Integrated Circuit),
SPI- (Serial Peripheral Interface),
Serial or Ethernet Interface
ADC - Analog Digital Converter
USART- Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter

30. Courtesy – http://microchip.com
‘PIC Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, by MA Mazidi et al., Pearson, 2012