1. Respiration 1
Respiration

2. What you will learn about
Respiration 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
How exercise affects breathing
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen debt

3. Respiration 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Understand what respiration is
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Explain how each type of respiration works

4. Respiration 4
Respiration
Respiration is when exercise causes muscles to release energy in the form of glucose.
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration convert glucose into energy.

5. Respiration 5
The body can use both types of respiration depending on the intensity of the exercise.

6. Respiration 7
The amount of oxygen taken in can increase. The limit to the increase is called the VO2 maximum.
During exercise, the vital capacity will increase because of the demand for greater intake of air. Both the residual volume and the tidal volume increase only slightly.

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Aerobic respiration
During aerobic respiration your heart and lungs work to supply the muscles with oxygen.
The aerobic system is used in moderate to hard continuous activities.

8. glucose + oxygen = CO2 + H2O + energy
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The equation for respiration is:
glucose + oxygen =
CO2 + H2O + energy

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As long as enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles you can use the aerobic system.

10. Anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration the muscles are NOT supplied with oxygen.
glucose + NO oxygen
lactic acid + energy
Usain Bolt

11. Athletic field events are good examples of anaerobic exercise.
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Athletic field events are good examples of anaerobic exercise.
These activities use one all-out burst of maximum effort to complete the event; the time it takes to complete the attempt is very short.

12. Lactic acid http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqBerM9FPwA
Lactic acid is a poison. It builds up slowly during exercise that is up to 75% of maximum work rate.  During higher intensity work it builds up much more quickly.
Lactic acid can also occur when glycogen stores begin to run low in the muscles after prolonged exercise.
After a while lactic acid makes the muscles ache.  It will eventually cause cramp and the muscles will stop working.  Athletes need to rest while the blood brings fresh supplies of oxygen.

13. Oxygen debt 
After Anaerobic respiration Our body then needs to recover and take on oxygen before the muscles can work properly again.
The repayment comes in the form of gasping breaths at the end of an activity. 
This is to enable as much oxygen as possible to get back into the respiratory system and to get rid of as much of the waste product as possible (lactic Acid). 
Definition 
Oxygen debt – the amount of oxygen needed to get the body back to its resting rate

14. The effect of lifestyle on the cardiovascular system.
When athletes train it is really important for them to allow time to rest so the body can repair and recover.  
This is particularly important after cardiovascular training sessions.  Rest allows the heart to grow and thicken in size and allows the capillary network to grow.  
 When you start training you should allow the body one day rest after a cardiovascular training session.  
As you get fitter and stronger you can reduce the amount of rest days a week you need.   

15. Damage to the cardiovascular system
High cholesterol
Recreational drugs
Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
Stress
Your body needs cholesterol but there are 2 types
Bad - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) - to much can clog up your arteries and put strain on your cardiovascular sytem.
Good -  High-density lipoprotein (HDL) - helps keep arteries clear and break down LDL's.  Can be increased with exercising.
Eating foods that are high in fat increases your cholesterol intake.  Although your body needs fat you should keep track of the fat you consume and try to have god fats instead of low bad fats.

16. Recreational drugs
Alcohol and Nicotine increase blood pressure
Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise
If you do not exercise you do not get the benefits that exercise have on the cardiovascular system.  Also lack of exercise can be linked to gaining weight as calories are not burnt off with exercise.  
Stress 
On going stress in every day life has a negative affect on your cardiovascular system as it increases resting heart rate and raises blood pressure.

17. Respiration 15
Working together
Both the aerobic and anaerobic respiration systems work together.
For the first part of an activity the body tends to work in an anaerobic way until the body has had a chance to process and use the oxygen it is breathing in.
The aerobic system then takes over for activities lasting longer than a minute.

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Task
With a partner, make a list of the positive and negative effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on performance.
For each effect add a detailed sporting example.

19. Short-term effects on exercise
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Short-term effects on exercise
Blood flow reduced to areas not in use
Tidal volume increases
Fatigue in muscles
Oxygen debt
Gaseous exchange in alveoli
Aerobic respiration

20. Stroke volume increases as the heart sends out more blood per beat
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Stroke volume increases as the heart sends out more blood per beat
Air exhaled to stop build up of carbon dioxide
Heart beat increases
Waste water released from the body as sweat on surface of the skin
Release of energy
Adrenaline released

21. Long-term effects on exercise
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Long-term effects on exercise
Endurance training makes the exchange of gases in the alveoli more efficient.
The muscles are able to work at a moderate to hard level for longer without tiring, which increases the vital capacity of the lungs.

22. The overall effect is called an oxygen debt tolerance.
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Interval training over short distances at fast speeds results in an oxygen debt.
By continuing this form of training new capillaries are formed, heart muscles are strengthened and the delivery of oxygen is improved, helping to stop the build up of lactic acid.
The overall effect is called an oxygen debt tolerance.

23. Respiration 21
Exam questions
What are the two energy production systems used by the body when taking part in sport?
What sports does aerobic respiration help most effectively? Give two examples.
Teacher’s notes Q1
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Q2
Students should provide suitable sporting examples that link to stamina and longer duration activities such as marathon runners.

24. What you have learnt in this topic:
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What you have learnt
in this topic:
How exercise affects breathing
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen debt

25. Learning objectives You should now be able to:
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Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
Understand what respiration is
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Explain how each type of respiration works