1. The Roman Architecture

2. Italian street-layouts in our world Any layouts after military bases→ Castra Main streets were cardo maximus (N- S) and decumanus maximus (W-E) City-center was considered to be a forum

3. Italian street-layouts in our world Smaller street following the same pattern, walls and defense towers finished the Castra Castras were copied at any place the Romans conquered

4. Italian street-layouts in our world Aim: soldiers find locations Other civilizations adapted these layouts Adaptation of these layouts by other civilizations such as immigrants in USA

5. Ground plan of Mannheim (southern Germany)

6. Pont du Gard – aqueduct in France

7. Aqueducts Arch bridge Transport: water from the source to big cities Kind of water pipe Fountains / water sources insufficient for growing population in cities Architects: Appius Claudius Caecus and Gaius Plautius Venox Year: 312 B.C. (Appia) Tilted aqueducts

8. European countries with aqueducts Germany: Eifel Aqueduct (95,5 km) France: Pont du Gard (275 m) Spain: Aqueduct of Segovia (17 km) Italy: Aqua Marcia (91 km) Aqua Claudia (69 km) Aqua Alexandrina (22,5km)

10. Viaducts today-in Germany ← Train aqueduct in Apolda - Thuringia Göltzschtalbrücke - Saxony ↓

11. Viaducts today-in the Netherlands Viaduct Westergo- Zoetermeer

12. Viaducts today-in Italy ← Montramito viaduct – Viareggio ↓ viaduct in Bozzano

13. -Roman Triumphal Arches -Arch of Titus in Rome -Arch of Constantine in Rome -Triumphal Arch of Orange -Post-Roman Triumphal Arches -Arc de Triomphe in Paris -Brandenburg Gate in Berlin -Wellington Arch in London Triumphal Arches Origin in ancient Rome Commemoration of victorious generals Signification of public events Inspiration for many post-Roman states up to the present Examples: - Roman Triumphal Arches: - Arch of Titus in Rome - Arch of Constantine in Rome - Triumphal Arch of Orange -- Post-Roman Triumphal Arches: - Arc de Triomphe in Paris - Brandenburg Gate in Berlin - Wellington Arch in London

14. ← Arc de Triomphe - Paris Brandenburg Gate → - Berlin Triumphal Arches today

15. Roman basilica in Germany

16. Renaissance Southern Germany and Austria were the center of the Renaissance Renaissance revival of ancient Roman architecture The architecture did not follow the particular strictness of Italian architecture in terms of the Antique as a model

17. Renaissance Buildings Munich Residence → ← Jesuit Church of St. Michael

18. Roman Villas Also called villa rustica or atrium house Include: residential building of the owner and bath house Sometimes also farm buildings (mostly near streets, rivers or canals) Only known among the higher-class From 300 b.C. until in 3rd century Structure: Atrium: 4-site interior room, open at top, in middle of the house, accessible from all rooms around In middle water tank for rain water Rooms around separated with curtain or with wooden doors Room order most symmetrical

19. Roman Villas today

20. Amphitheatre Round/oval theatre of the ancient Roman times Typical without a closed roof During Caesar's era theatres made from wood, demolished after competitions For gladiator fights, theatre, sport events Model for many modern stadiums

21. Colloseum

22. Use of Amphitheaters today ← American baseball stadium Olympic Stadium → - Berlin

23. Roman thermal bath in Sardinia

24. Hypocaustic system Warm air heating flowing warm air through a Massive buildings Warm air: cavity under the floor Advantages: - Relaxed climate conditions, pleasant for skin and body - Less dehydration of the room air Disadvantages: - Construction was very thick, Complicated to heat the whole floor - Permanently working method → high energy consumption

25. Hypocaustic system

26. Thermae First hot springs since the middle of the 2nd century A.D. Place of communication and beauty treatments Men and women usually separated Heating: hypocaustic system

27. Thermae ← Agrippa-Thermae Kyffhäuser-Thermae → - Bad Frankenhausen

28. Cement “Opus caementitium“ -later called cement Components: burnt lime, water and sand, with mortar in a mix with brick flour and volcano cinder High pressure resistance Aqueducts and the dome of the pantheon → Rome

29. Cement

30. Contributors Street Layout -Frank Steinacker Aqueducts -Jonny Kunze Viaducts -Franz Hundt Marcus Weißhuhn Triumphal Arches -Jonas Heilmann Renaissance -Antonia Rehfeldt Roman Villas -Justus Recknagel Amphitheatre -Anne Sophie Busch Franziska Wegner Lucienne Oberreich Hypocaustic system -Alexandro Franke Thermae -Svenja Herrmann Cement -Philipp Erbsmehl Visual Links -Dominic Rother