1. CPR

2. Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies. Cardiac arrest results when the heart stops beating.

3. Caring for Cardiac Arrest Chain of survival –Recognition and action –CPR –Defibrillation –Advanced care –Post-arrest care

4. Performing CPR Check for responsiveness. Check for breathing. Call 9-1-1. CPR if unresponsive and not breathing –Chest compressions –Rescue breaths © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

5. Chest Compressions (1 of 3) 2 hands for adults 1 or 2 hands for a child 2 fingers for an infant Compression depth –Adult and child: 2 inches –Infant: 1½ inches (1/3 depth of the chest) Compression rate –At least 100 per minute –30 compressions in 18 seconds © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

6. Chest Compressions (2 of 3) Location –Adult and child: center of chest between nipples –Infants: just below nipple line Cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until: –AED becomes available. –Victim shows signs of life. –EMS takes over. –You are too tired to continue.

7. Chest Compressions (3 of 3) Chest compressions alone are an acceptable alternative. Provide continuous chest compressions. © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

8. Rescue Breaths After every 30 compressions: –Tilt the head and lift the chin. –Close the nose. –Give 2 breaths. –See the chest rise. © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

9. Airway Obstruction Mild blockage –Coughing forcefully Severe/complete blockage –Weak, ineffective cough –Unable to breathe or speak Common causes of obstruction –Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

10. Caring for Airway Obstruction (1 of 5) Responsive adult or child: Heimlich maneuver –Abdominal thrusts just above navel –Perform thrusts until object is removed or victim is unresponsive. –Chest thrusts for larger or pregnant victims

11. Caring for Airway Obstruction (2 of 5) Responsive infant –Support infant’s head and lay infant’s face down over your forearm and thigh. –Give 5 back blows. –Roll infant face-up. –Give 5 chest thrusts.

12. Caring for Airway Obstruction (3 of 5) Chest ThrustsBack Blows

13. Caring for Airway Obstruction (4 of 5) Unresponsive adult or child, if breath fails to go in: –Retilt the head. –Reattempt breath. –Give 30 chest compressions. –Check airway. –Remove object if visible. © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

14. Caring for Airway Obstruction (5 of 5) Unresponsive infant, if breath fails to go in: –Retilt the head. –Reattempt breath. –Give 30 compressions. –Check the airway. –Remove the object if visible.