1. 助動詞

2. be 本動詞 My father is an English teacher. There is a vase on the table. There are many books on the desk. I want to be a doctor. 助動詞 He is writing a letter. Many jobs are done by computers.

3. have 本動詞 Does he have a car? Yes, he does. I had a cup of coffee then. He had to go there then. I ’ ll have him wash my car. 助動詞 I have lived here for three years. He has been ill since last week. Have you seen it? Yes, I have.

4. do /does / did 本動詞 What are you doing? What do you do? 助動詞 I don ’ t like it. Do you love me? Yes, I do. He runs faster than you do.

5. Can, can’t; could, couldn’t He can do it. =He is able to do it. His son could read when he was four. Can I use your car?Could I use your car? Could you tell me?

6. can 推測現在 助動詞 + V Can the story be true? The story can ’ t be true. 推測過去 助動詞 + have pp He can ’ t have said so. He cannot but laugh. ( 忍不住 ) He cannot help laughing. ( 忍不住 ) You cannot be too careful when crossing the road. ( 再怎麼 ….. 也不為過 ) Please come as soon as you can. (= as ~as possible) ( 儘可能 …..)

7. may, might You may go now. May I sit down? He works hard in order that he may succeed. Might I use your car? He worked hard so that he might succeed. He may have said so. May you succeed! May you be happy forever. You may well be proud of her. You may as well do it now.

8. must You must obey the rules. You had to obey the rules. You mustn ’ t smoke inside. I had to go there yesterday. You must be tired. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. Must I go now? Yes, you must. ( 必須 ) No, you needn ’ t. ( 不必 )

9. should You should get up now. If it should rain tomorrow, he won ’ t come. You should have called me last night. ( 應該 ~ 卻沒有 ) You shouldn ’ t have said so. ( 不應該 ~ 卻做了 )

10. ought to ought not to We ought to do it. You ought not to do it. Ought I to go there? Yes, you ought (to). You ought to have told me. ( 應該 ~ 卻沒有 ) You ought not to have done that.( 不應該 ~ 卻做了 )

11. would wouldn ’ t I said I would do it. Would you please come in? He would often get up early. =He used to get up early.

12. Would that I were young! = I wish I were young! I would like to go home. = I want to go home. I would rather stay home than go out. = I would stay home rather than go out. = I prefer staying home to going out. = I prefer to stay home rather than go out. = I prefer to stay home instead of going out.

13. need / needn’t dare / daren’t He doesn ’ t need to go now. = He needn ’ t go now. Does he need to go now? Yes, he does. No, he doesn ’ t. Need he go now? Yes, he must. No, he needn ’ t. He doesn ’ t dare to go alone. He dare not go alone. How dare you say so to me?

14. had better, had better not You had better leave now. You had better not do it again. Had I better see a doctor? Yes, you ’ d better. No, you ’ d better not.