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MODAL VERBS
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MODAL VERBS Only used in one form
( no past, no –ing form, no –s in 3rd person singular) Negative : place not after the modal verb never conjugated MODAL VERBS Always come before subject in interrogative sentences Express an idea (possibility,necessity, obligation etc Always followed by a main verb in the base form
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CAN PERMISSION OR REQUEST Can I call you later? ABILITY/INABILITY
I can play the piano. OPPORTUNITY TO DO SOMETHING/POSSIBILITY I´m free tonight so we can go out.
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CAN – affirmative and negative forms
You He She It We they + CAN CAN´T CANNOT Verb in the base form + complements ATTENTION! Can´t/cannot indicate impossibility
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MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM
CAN – negative form I You He She It We they MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? CAN
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COULD PAST ABILITY PAST OF CAN POSSIBILITY
When I was young, I could ride a bike. PAST OF CAN . POSSIBILITY I think we could have another Gulf war. MORE POLITE THAN CAN (REQUEST) Could you open the door, please?
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COULD – affirmative and negative forms
YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY + COULD COULD NOT COULDN´T MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ATTENTION! COULD NOT Suggests that it´s impossible for something to happen
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COULD – interrogative form
YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? COULD
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DEDUCTION OR CENTAINTY
MUST OBLIGATION (“must” involves the speaker´s authority or opinion) You must go to bed, said her mum DEDUCTION OR CENTAINTY That must be Jerry, they said he is tall and has red hair.
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MUST – affirmative and negative
+ MUST - MUST NOT MUSTN´T MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS
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You must not swim in that river, it is full of crocodiles
MUST NOT = MUSTN´T PROHIBITION You must not swim in that river, it is full of crocodiles
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MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM
MUST - interrogative MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? MUST
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Polite permission or request
MAY Possibility He may run the marathon this year Polite permission or request May I go now? Yes, you may
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MAY – affirmative and negative forms
MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS + MAY - MAY NOT ATTENTION! THERE IS NO ABBREVIATION FOR MAY NOT
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MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM
MAY - interrogative MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? MAY
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To say that you are not sure that something is going to happen
MIGHT To say that you are not sure that something is going to happen She might come to my house later.
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MIGHT – affirmative and negative forms
- MIGHT NOT MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ATTENTION! IT´S NOT USUALLY USED IN INTERROGATIVE FORM.
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MAY x MIGHT x COULD
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I have to wear a uniform in my school
HAVE/HAS TO OBLIGATION ( based in a law or rule) I have to wear a uniform in my school
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She doesn´t have to finish her composition tonight
DON´T/DOESN´T HAVE TO It is not necessary to do something, you can do it if you want but it is not necessary She doesn´t have to finish her composition tonight
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HAVE/HAS TO – affirmative form
She He it MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS HAS TO I YOU WE THEY MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS HAVE TO
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HAVE TO – interrogative form
MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? He She It HAVE TO DOES MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? I YOU WE THEY HAVE TO DO
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SHOULD ADVICE SUGGESTIONS CRITICISM EXPECTATIONS
This film should be good. You should stop smoking. You shouldn’t have done it!
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SHOULD – affirmative and negative forms
+ SHOULD SHOULD NOT SHOULDN´T MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS
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SHOULD – interrogative form
MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ? SHOULD
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HAD BETTER GIVE ADVICE It is stronger than should and means that if the person doesn’t follow the advice, s/he can have negative consequences. You had better not eat so much. The doctor told you that you are overweight.
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HAD BETTER – affirmative and negative forms
+ HAD BETTER ´D BETTER - HAD BETTER NOT ´D BETTER NOT MAIN VERB IN THE BASE FORM + COMPLEMENTS ATTENTION! IT´S NOT OFTEN USED IN THE INTERROGATIVE
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OUGHT TO Advice or recommendations Assumption or expectation
Strong probability(often with the idea that something is deserved) You ought to stop smoking. Jim ought to get the promotion. This stock ought to increase in value. Mark ought not drink so much
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OUGHT TO – affirmative and negative forms
+ Ought to - Ought not Main verb in the base form + complements ATTENTION! NOT USED IN INTERROGATIVE
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Shall we go to the movies?
SUGGESTION Shall we go to the movies? ONLY USED IN INTERROGATIVE AND AFFIRMATIVE 1ST PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL
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