3. Learning about Language (P.12) 1 __________something that you say is not true 2 ____________not to be punished for something 3__________ uncooked 4__________ the strong wish to know about sth. 5__________ someone who buys things or services from a shop, company, etc 6__________a particular quality that gives someone or something an advantage lie get away with raw curiosity customer benefit

4. 2. Fill in the blanks with words from the left box and paraphrase the italicized parts using the phrases from the right box. balanced diet raw slim ought to energetic lose weight lose heart lose interest lose face

5. Julie wanted to become thinner. She knew she__________ eat more vegetables and fruit but little meat. However, as she was so afraid of being laughed at by her friends, she did not consult a doctor but lived on a______ of rice, __________ vegetables, bananas and lemons. Three weeks later, she found she weighed as much as ever. She felt so sad and hopeless about herself and her behaviour changed. She didn ’ t dare to face her boyfriend and she was unwilling to visit her friends any more. Luckily, her best friend Fred came to see her and encouraged her to exercise, eat a__________ diet and enjoy life again. Soon Julie became amazingly__________ and__________! She felt very happy. ought to diet raw balanced energetic slim

6. become thinner--- lose weight being laughed at by her friend ---losing face felt so sad and hopeless about herself ---lost heart was unwilling to visit any more --- lost interest in visiting

7. Answer key to Exercise 3: 1 √pear; ×cream (fat and all the others are fruit) 2 √sugar; ×mutton (meat and all the others are energy-giving food) 3 √bacon; ×cabbage (vegetable and all the others are meat) 4 √strawberry; ×eggplant (vegetable and all the others are fruit)

8. modal verb (2)

9. ought to ought to 用于表示 " 想必会 "( 语气较 must 弱 ) ： 1. 他们想必已到那儿了。 They ought to be there by now. 2. 他最好不要抽烟了。 He ought to stop smoking. 多数情况下， ought to 可与 should 互换使用。 Ought to 的反意疑问句用 shouldn’t 替代。

10. 13. You ought to have helped him with his English, ________ you ? A. won’t you B. ought not you C. shouldn’t you D. wouldn’t you

11. 比较 had better, should & ought to 三者均表示建议，意为 “ 应该 ” ， “ 应当 ” 或 “ 最 好做 …”. 三者的语气程度为渐强。 Had better 指一般性的建议，最弱。 Should&ought to 含义相近，常可互换。区 别在于， ought to 常指特殊情况下的 “ 应当 ” 。 Should 则指一般情况。见下页例句。

12. You ought to help him because he is in trouble now.( 语气强，有命令意味。 ) You should have a rest after finishing your sports. （一般性建议） You ought to call the police when you find something wrong in your house. He should take care of the babies tonight.

13. have to have to 表示客观需要去做的事情，意为 “ 必须，不得不。 ” I have to get the station early to catch the first train. We missed the bus so we had to walk home. We have to overcome all kinds of difficulties.

14. Have to 有多种时态。常见的有：一般将来时， We will have to gather at the school gate at 7 tomorrow. 一般现在时 I have to take more money with me because my gf has so much to buy. 一般过去时 Finally, we had to give up our idea to hold a picnic outside as it rained for a whole afternoon. have to （考点）

15. shall 用于第一，三人称疑问句， 征求意见或请求 shall 第二，三人称 陈述句, 命令, 警告, 允诺, 威胁 should 表劝告，建议，命令，顺理成章的 ＝ ought to 疑问句中常用 should 代替 ought to ought to 表应该，语气＞ should 美语中， ought to 用于否，疑句时 to 可省 shall, should &ought to

16. Need I do …? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. dare & need 情态动词实义动词 dare 否，疑，条 dare not do 否, 疑 don’t dare to do don’t dare do 不用于肯定句肯： dare to do need 否，疑 needn’t do (don’t) need sth (don’t) need to do 肯： must, have to, ought to, should

17. Must they do…? Yes, they must. No, they needn’t/don’t have to. must & have to must have to 主观／客观 主观 客观 时态 现在，将来 多种 表推测 √ × 询问意愿 √ × 否定意 禁止，不允许 不必

18. must 表主观意志，而 have to 表由于客观因素 不得不做完成的事情。 Must 没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过 去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用 had to 代替。 I told her that she must give up smoking. She said, “We had to get everything ready that night.” 比较 must & have to

19. 注意对 need 问句的回答 : --Need I finish the work today? --Yes, ________________. No, ________________. you must you needn’t you don’t have to

20. needn’t 对其它情态动词的回答 : --Shall I tell John about it? --No, you __________. --Must we do it now? --No, you __________. needn’t (don’t have to) needn’t (don’t have to)

21. Could I borrow your dictionary?( 委婉 ) ---- Yes ， you can/may. Sure. Go ahead. Please yourself. May I take this seat?( 第一人称疑问句 ) Yes, you may. No, you mustn’t.

22. 高考链接 1.--Is John coming by train? --He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (2002 高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may 2.It has been announced that candidates( 候选人 ) ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002 上海高考题） A. can B.will C. may D. shall 3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002 北京高考题） --It ____ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be

23. Practice 1: 高考考题专练 1. I thought you _____like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I ____it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been B D B

24. 4. ---There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ----It ____a comfortable journey A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 5. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D C

25. 情态动词考题 : 1. ---Did the train arrive in time? ----No. It _______ two hours ago. A. must have arrived B. ought to have arrived C. must arrive D. ought to arrive 2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?" "No,." A. you shouldn't B. you might not C. you needn't D. you mustn't B C

26. 3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustn't have attended B. cannot have attended C. needn't have attended D. would have not attended B

27. 4. You ________ such a long composition. The teacher only asked for 300 words. You have written 600. A. mustn’t have written B. couldn’t have written C. needn’t have written D. do not have to write C

28. 5. There is someone knocking at the door. it be Tom? A. can B. must C. should D. ought to 6. Two years ago, my husband bought me a bicycle. If you live in town, it is often faster than a car and you worry about parking. A. must not B. may not C. should not D. don't have to0 A D

29. Discovering useful structures (P.13) Answer key for Ex.1: 1.Then usually by lunchtime they would all be sold. (Possibility) 2.What could have happened ? (Possibility) 3.Nothing could be better… (Possibility) 4.Something terrible must have happened if… (Guessing)

30. 5. He could not believe his eye. (Ability) 6. Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. (Duty) 7. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies ! (Intention) 8. He had better do some research ! (Duty) 9. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food… (Possibility) 10.They would become tired very back. (Ability)

31. . ought/oughtn’t to should/shouldn’t mustn’t needn’t (don’t) have to will can/can’t 2. Choose suitable modal verbs below to complete the following dialogues. There may be more than one possibility

32. 1 SAM: How can I grow thinner, Mum? MUM: Well, you __________ eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better. And you__________ stop drinking cola or eating sweet food. SAM: Does it mean I__________ eat. my favourite fried chicken any more? MUM: Not exactly, if you love fried chicken, you __________ give it up. Just eat it less often. You__________ worry too much: a little fried chicken__________ do you good! have to should shouldn’t needn’t don’t have to will

33. 2 DOCTOR: You are sick because you’ve eaten poisonous mushrooms. Where did you get them? LUCY: I picked them in the forest. I know we__________ eat fresh vegetables. DOCTOR: Oh, you__________ eat them until you’re sure they are not poisonous. LUCY: Thank you, doctor. I’ll be more careful next time. 3 CHARLES: I wish I could see things clearly in the dark. TOM: Eating carrots__________ help you see better. You__________ eat some every day. have to mustn’t ought to should

34. Using Structures (P.50) Answer key for Ex.1 1. have to, should, need to 2. ought to, should 3. mustn’t, would 4. have to, need to 5. can’t, can’t

35. Assignment 1. Summarize the rules of the modal verbs in your own way. 2. Finish the exercises of “Using words and Expressions P.49