1. Unit 11 Marine Vertebrates
Pages 5-66 to 5-88

2. 11.01: Characteristics of Phylum Chordata and sub-Phylum Vertebrata:
pharyngeal (gill) slits
vertebrae
dorsal hollow nerve cord
cephalization
increased sensory abilities
post-anal tail
dominate top of food webs
notochord

3. 11.02: Class Agnathans (jawless fish) examples:
lamprey and hagfish
-live as scavengers or parasites

4. 11.03 : Rise of jawed fish
Jawless fish (Agnathans) were thought to have given rise to jawed fish during the Cambrian period.
Jawed fish (Gnathostomata) divided into 3 groups:
Placodermi - scaly-skinned fish -extinct
Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fish
Osteichthyes - bony fish

5. 11.04: Characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes:
cartilage skeleton
jaws
no swim bladder
internal fertilization
lateral lines
Electroreception
(ampullae of Lorenzini)
5 to 7 pairs of gills
no operculum
Sub-class Elasmobranchii- sharks and rays

6. 11.05:Physical & Physiological characteristics of sharks & rays that help them save energy:
lightweight skeleton
buoyant oil-filled liver
streamlined body
denticles- point backwards to reduce friction
lift producing fins (like wings)
stores urea to maintain equal density w/water
asymmetrical tail provides lift

7. 11.06 & 11.07 (worksheets) Characteristics of Class Osteichthyes

8. 11.08 Bony fish control buoyancy by using:
swim bladder=adding or releasing gas

9. 11. 09: What is the function of the lateral line
11.09: What is the function of the lateral line? (rays, sharks, and bony fish)
sensory pores along the length of the body that detects pressure and vibrations
What is the importance of the lateral line?
helps with schooling, coordinates movement, and detects approaching predators 

10. 11.10: What is electroreception?
pits near the snout (ampullae of Lorenzini) that senses minute electricity creates by muscles/nerves 
What is the function of electroreception? detects prey

11. 11.11 A (worksheet): Explain how a fish’s body design relates to its movement & feeding style.
Body shape:
Fusiform
laterally compressed
depressed 

12. 11.11 B Tail shape rounded, forked, crescent

13. 11.11 C Mouth shape: upward, sub-terminal, terminal, specialized

14. 11.12 3 sexual reproductive methods of fish
Oviparous (most fish) Lay eggs hatch outside body
Viviparous Birth to live young
Ovoviviparous Eggs hatch inside/live birth
Advantages?
Disadvantages?