1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

3. Model of Rome

4. CharacteristicsCharacteristics 1.During the Republic – Temple Architecture: K blended Etruscan & Greek features. K emphasis on the front of the building. K example: Temple of Fortuna Virilis.

5. Temple of “ Fortuna Virilis ”

6. CharacteristicsCharacteristics 2.CONCRETE: K created a revolution in architectural design. K create larger, heavier buildings. * example: - The Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina.

7. Sanctuary of Fortuna Palestrina

8. Model of Roman Forum

9. Model of Trajan ’ s Forum Forum

10. CharacteristicsCharacteristics 3.ARCH & VAULT: K Coliseum K Race Track – Circus Maximus K Public Baths K Amphitheaters

11. Triumphal Arch of Titus

12. Arch of Constantine

13. Barrel or “ Tunnel ” Vault K Windows can be placed at any point. K These vaults require buttressing to counter-act the downward thrust of weight.

14. Groin Vault K Also called a cross vault. K Needs less buttressing.

15. Multi Groin Vaults K A series of groin vaults can have open lateral arches that form Clerestories. K Windows that allow light into the interior of churches. K These concrete windows are fireproof [an important consideration since many early churches burned!]

16. Early Roman Amphitheater  Seats about 20,000

17. Roman Theater

18. Theater of Marcellus

19. Roman Coliseum

21. Interior of the Coliseum  Arena is Latin for the sand, coating the floor that soaks up the blood of the combatants.

22. Circus Maximus 300,000 seat capacity! 300,000 seat capacity!

23. Roman Bath in England

24. CharacteristicsCharacteristics 4.DOME:  Basilicas - Large and relatively open space. - examples: ► Pantheon ► early Christian churches

25. Cylindrical Dome K With the dome, the Romans could surpass earlier cultures by their ability to span space. K Light enters through the oculus on top.

26. The Pantheon Plans

27. The Pantheon

28. Pantheon ’ s Dome

29. The Pantheon Interior

30. Painting by Giovanni Paolo Pannini (18c) Painting by Giovanni Paolo Pannini (18c)

32. Innovative Engineering Techniques 1. Roads – macadam 2. Aqueducts 3. Arch Bridge

33. Via Appia All roads lead to Rome! All roads lead to Rome!

34. Roman Aqueduct

35. Aqueduct in Segovia

36. Roman Arch Bridge in Spain

37. Hadrian ’ s Wall in Britain

39. Characteristics of Roman Sculpture 1. Collectors and copiers of Greek works [more idealistic]. 2. Categories: K Portrait sculpture K Statues K Paintings & mosaics K Relief sculptures 3. More realism [show the wrinkles, the bulges, and ageing!]

40. Roman Copy of Greek Art Original created by the Greek sculptor, Polyclitus, 5c BCE

41. Republican Couple  Realistic portraits – like Hellenistic Greek style.

42. Portraits of Emperors Julius Caesar Julius Caesar Nero Nero Hadrian Hadrian Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius

43. Mosaics on a Roman Villa Floor

44. Roman Citizens

45. ColumnOfTrajanColumnOfTrajan

46. Base Relief Legionnaires on Trajan ’ s Column

47. Roman Sarcophagus  Marble base relief – Etruscan influence?

49. Roman Villa

50. House in Herculaneum

51. Frescoes on aVilla ’ s Walls Frescoes on aVilla ’ s Walls

53. Roman Crafts 1c BCE glass bowl Ivory Cameo Gold earrings

55. Jefferson Memorial

56. Lincoln Memorial

57. The US Capitol Building

58. Statue of Justice US Supreme Court Building

59. Federal Court Building in NYC

60. Metropolitan Museum of Art

61. Statue of Liberty