Forces in Motion.

Forces in Motion

Available worksheet, PE, KE, and ME.

First Law of Energy (Thermodynamics)
All energy is either kinetic or potential. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

First Law of Energy (thermodynamics)

First Law of energy (thermodynamics)

First Law of Energy (thermodynamics)

Potential Energy: (PE) The energy stored by an object as a result of its position.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Potential Enegy (PE) Kinetic Energy (KE)

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.
Potential Energy is the energy of position. Objects that are elevated have a high potential energy. Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Please write and plan on sharing a sentence about PE and KE about the animation below.

The monkey has potential energy because of its position in the tree
The monkey has potential energy because of its position in the tree. When she lets go her potential energy is transferred into the energy of motion (KE). and Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The monkey has potential energy because of its position in the tree
The monkey has potential energy because of its position in the tree. When he lets go his potential energy is transferred into the energy of motion (KE). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Potential Energy Potential

Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

Video Link! (Optional) Energy changes, Potential and Kinetic Energy.

Activity! PE – KE Skateboarder Simulator Search Phet Skate Board Demo.
Download program (Free) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

PE = mgh PE = Energy (in Joules) m = mass (in kilograms)

g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/s²)
PE = mgh PE = Energy (in Joules) m = mass (in kilograms) g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/s²) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

PE = mgh PE = Energy (in Joules) m = mass (in kilograms) g = gravitational acceleration of the earth (9.8 m/s²) h = height above Earth's surface (in meters) Learn more about Potential Energy at… Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Find the PE in Joules? PE=mgh
Calculate the potential energy for a 2 kg basketball dropping from a height of 3.5 meters with a velocity of 9.8 m / sec². Find the PE in Joules? PE=mgh Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

PE = mgh m = 2 kg g = 9.8 m/sec2 h = 3.5 m

PE = mgh m = 5.44 kg g = 9.8 m/s² h = 6 m PE = (5.44kg) (9.8m/s²) (6m)

Calculate the potential energy for a 2500 kg satellite orbiting at an altitude of 50,000 meters above the surface of the earth if it is traveling with a velocity of 9.8 m/s². Find PE in Joules? Assume we are using the earth gravity constant.

Calculate the potential energy for a 2500 kg satellite orbiting at an altitude of 50,000 meters above the surface of the earth if it is traveling with a velocity of 9.8 m/s². Find PE in Joules? PE=mgh Assume we are using the earth gravity constant.

Can you put it into scientific notation?
Or PE = 1,225,000,000 Joules Can you put it into scientific notation? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Can you put it into scientific notation?
Or PE = 1,225,000,000 Joules Can you put it into scientific notation? 9 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

PE = 1.225 x 109 Joules Or PE = 1,225,000,000 Joules
Can you put it into scientific notation? 9 PE = x 109 Joules Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The energy that matter has because of its motion and mass.
Kinetic energy The energy that matter has because of its motion and mass. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Kinetic energy The energy that matter has because of its motion and mass. Where m = mass of object (kg). v = speed of object. KE = Energy in Joules. This equation shows that the kinetic energy of an object is proportional to the square of its speed. For a twofold increase in speed, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Kinetic energy The energy that matter has because of its motion and mass. Where m = mass of object (kg). v = speed of object. KE = Energy in Joules. This equation shows that the kinetic energy of an object is proportional to the square of its speed. For a twofold increase in velocity, the kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Amount of KE depends on both the objects mass and its velocity / (speed).

What is the kinetic energy of a 10 kilogram cannon ball traveling at 50 meters per second?
m = 10 kg v = 50 m/s Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Don’t forget your order of operations.

Don’t forget your order of operations. PEMDAS

Don’t forget your order of operations. PEMDAS
For KE, you must do exponents (E) before multiplying (M). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

KE = 0.5 times 10 kg times (50) ² Joules

What is the kinetic energy of a
What is the kinetic energy of a .142 kilogram baseball traveling at 45 meters per second? m = .142 kg v = 45 m/s Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

KE = 0.5 times .142 kg times (45) ² Joules

PEMDAS KE = 0.5 times .142 kg times (45) ² Joules

Mechanical Energy (ME): Energy due to position and motion.
- Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Mechanical Energy (ME): Energy due to position and motion.
Sum of potential and kinetic energies, includes heat and friction. PE + KE = ME Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A ski jumper moving down the hill had a Potential Energy of 6,500 Joules, and a Kinetic Energy of 10,500 Joules. What is her Mechanical Energy?

A ski jumper moving down the hill had a Potential Energy of 6,500 Joules, and a Kinetic Energy of 10,500 Joules. What is her Mechanical Energy? ME = PE + KE

A ski jumper moving down the hill had a Potential Energy of 6,500 Joules, and a Kinetic Energy of 10,500 Joules. What is her Mechanical Energy? ME = PE + KE ME = 6,500 J + 10,500 J

A ski jumper moving down the hill had a Potential Energy of 6,500 Joules, and a Kinetic Energy of 10,500 Joules. What is her Mechanical Energy? ME = PE + KE ME = 6,500 J + 10,500 J ME =

A ski jumper moving down the hill had a Potential Energy of 6,500 Joules, and a Kinetic Energy of 10,500 Joules. What is her Mechanical Energy? ME = PE + KE ME = 6,500 J + 10,500 J ME = 17,000 Joules.

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V2 (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential “The homework isn’t color coded.”

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential KE = ½ m * V² KE =

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential KE = ½ m * V² KE = .5* 77 kg * 8.3 m/s KE =

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential KE = ½ m * V² KE = .5* 77 kg * 8.3 m/s KE = .5* 77 kg * m/s KE =

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. The run into the vault was 8.3 m/s and they weighed 77 kilograms. KE= ½ m * V² (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential KE = ½ m * V² KE = .5* 77 kg * 8.3 m/s KE = .5* 77 kg * m/s KE = Joules

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential

“Organize your work please.”
Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential “Organize your work please.”

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential PE= mgh

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential PE= mgh PE = 77 kg* 9.8 m/s² * 3 m

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential PE= mgh PE = 77 kg* 9.8 m/s² * 3 m PE = Joules

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential PE= mgh PE = 77 kg* 9.8 m/s² * 3 m PE = Joules KE = Joules

Please calculate the potential energy of a pole-vaulter at the top of their vault. Their height was 3 meters and they weighed 77 kilograms. PE= mgh (9.8 m/s²) (Assume all energy in the vault was transformed into potential energy to make this question easier.) Potential PE= mgh PE = 77 kg* 9.8 m/s² * 3 m PE = Joules KE = Joules Joules for heat, sound, and other losses.

Color Key Areas with high potential energy and kinetic energy.
Activity! Please make a roller coaster on a page in your science journal. Color Key Areas with high potential energy and kinetic energy. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Centripetal Force: A force that makes a body follow a curved path.

Matter wants to travel in a straight line
Centripetal Force: A force that makes a body follow a curved path. Matter wants to travel in a straight line Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video! Centripetal Force

Gravity from the mass of the sun keeps the earth from heading out into space.

What would happen if the
Gravity from the mass of the sun keeps the earth from heading out into space. What would happen if the sun disappeared? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What would happen if the
Gravity from the mass of the sun keeps the earth from heading out into space. What would happen if the sun disappeared? Lets find out on the next slide. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The World of the Hammer Throw. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

Activity (Optional) Funky foam tube roller coaster.
Use ½ inch foam pipe insulation cut in half, duct tape to connect the tubes and anchor, cup to catch at end, and marbles. Know your KE and PE

Create a one page visual of a roller coaster with drawings.
Name your coaster. Create a not to scale visual that will be achievable with the materials provided by teacher. Class will vote to choose a model and build the coaster. Calculate the PE and KE. Find the mass of the marble. Measure the height of the coaster. Calculate the velocity. Distance / meters divided by seconds and direction

Create a one page visual of a roller coaster with drawings.
Name your coaster. Create a not to scale visual that will be achievable with the materials provided by teacher. Class will vote to choose a model and then build the coaster. Calculate the PE and KE. Find the mass of the marble. Measure the height of the coaster. Calculate the velocity. Distance / meters divided by seconds and direction

Academic Link! (Optional)

F=MA, PE, KE and more ramp activity.
Available Sheet

Activity! Kinetic and Potential Energy + Newton’s Laws F=MA.

High Medium Low Find blocks / books to create three heights
Activity! Kinetic and Potential Energy + Newton’s Laws F=MA. High Medium Low Find blocks / books to create three heights Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Parked Car Three Washers
Please create this spreadsheet in your journal. Truck (D Battery) Car (AA Batter) – Cup (Parked Car) Ramp Height Parked car One Washer Parked Car Two Washer Parked Car Three Washers Lowest (Distance of Parked Car) AA –Car_________ D – Truck________ Middle AA –Car___________ D – Truck__________ Highest Make Prediction after data collection, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Meter Stick to measure distance cup “parked car” travels after hit.
Set-up of the activity. The height can change by placing the rectangular block on its various sides. Ramp start line 5cm gap Plastic Cup D Washers 1-3 Height AA Meter Stick to measure distance cup “parked car” travels after hit. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Repeat with Truck / D Battery.
Conduct trials with small car (AA Battery) with one and three washers and the three different heights, measuring the distance the parked car traveled after hit in cm. Repeat with Truck / D Battery. Do not do medium height as we will predict later. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Available Sheet

Predict after data collection F=MA, PE, KE and more ramp activity.
Available Sheet Predict after data collection

Based on your data, make a prediction for the distance the parked car should travel for both the small car (AA) and truck (D) on your spreadsheets for medium height with two washers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Based on your data, make a prediction for the distance the parked car should travel for both the small car (AA) and truck (D) on your spreadsheets for medium height with two washers. Run some trials afterward to see if your prediction is correct. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Car Increase in Friction / Mass to move.

Truck Increase in Friction / Mass to move.

Available Sheet

How did the height of the ramp affect the movement of the parked car?
Use potential energy and kinetic energy in your response. Measure the height of the ramp, mass of the batteries, and determine the Potential Energy. PE=mgh Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

How did the resistance to force (washers) affect the movement of the parked car?

Increasing the height of the ramp increased the batteries potential energy. This increase of potential energy created an increase in kinetic energy / (Acceleration) which caused the parked car to move further (force). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity2
Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity2 D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/sec Velocity 3 m/sec

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity²
Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/sec Velocity 3 m/sec

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Organize your work! PE= mgh PE = ____ * ___ * ____ PE = Joules

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules Organize your work! PE= mgh PE = ____ * ___ * ____ PE = Joules

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules PE=mgh

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules PE=mgh PE= .148kg * 9.8 m/s² * .06m

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules PE=mgh PE= .148kg * 9.8 m/s² * .06m PE = .087 Joules

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules
Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules KE=1/2 m * velocity²

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s²

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s²

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s² KE = .666 Joules

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules KE = .666 Joules
Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position. PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules KE = .666 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s² KE = .666 Joules

Find the Mechanical Energy of the large D battery hitting the parked car from the highest position.
PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules KE = .666 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules + KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s² KE = .666 Joules

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules KE = .666 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules + KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s² KE = .666 Joules Mechanical Energy (ME) =

PE = mgh KE = ½ mass * velocity² PE = .087 Joules KE = .666 Joules D Battery mass = 148 g (.148kg) Height = 6 cm (.06m) Gravity = 9.8 m/s² Velocity 3 m/s Answer in Joules + KE=1/2 m * velocity² KE=.5 * .148 * 3 m/s² KE=.5 * .148 * 9 m/s² KE = .666 Joules Mechanical Energy (ME) = .753 Joules

Question on homework: Describe three ways potential energy of position as well as potential chemical energy are combined with kinetic energy to generate kinetic electrical energy. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

In Dinowrig, Wales. Water is pumped from the lower lake to the upper lake when electricity is low in demand.

During times high electrical demand, the stored potential energy flows downhill to generate electricity (Kinetic).

Loss of energy however as it requires more energy than produced.
During times high electrical demand, the stored potential energy flows downhill to generate electricity (Kinetic). Loss of energy however as it requires more energy than produced.

Loss of energy however as it requires more energy than produced.
During times high electrical demand, the stored potential energy flows downhill to generate electricity (Kinetic). Loss of energy however as it requires more energy than produced. Energy goes from useful to non-useful

Kinetic energy to kinetic electrical energy

Steam / Coal and wood burning electric plant

Nuclear energy – Nuclear reactions generate kinetic electrical energy using water, steam, and a turbine.

When you lift an object, chemical energy (a form of potential energy) stored in the chemicals obtained from your digested food is converted into the mechanical energy (kinetic) used to move your arm and the object upward and into heat given off by your body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

When you lift an object, chemical energy (a form of potential energy) stored in the chemicals obtained from your digested food is converted into the mechanical energy (kinetic). Which is then used to move your body. Heat is produced Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

When you lift an object, chemical energy (a form of potential energy) stored in the chemicals obtained from your digested food is converted into the mechanical energy (kinetic). Which is then used to move your body. Heat is released. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Forces in Motion.

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