1. Romanesque Art Chapter 15

2. History William the Conqueror (1066) Capetians in France and the Plantagenets in England Local rulers only in Germany and Italy Church is the guiding force in the Middle Ages, begins to decline Monasticism…Why? Jerusalem, Rome, and the Santiago de Compostela Crusades in 1095

3. 11 Characteristics that make "Romanesque" what it is: “Romanesque” is the first international style since the Roman Empire. Competition among cities for the largest churches, which continues in the Gothic period via a “quest for height.” Masonry (stone) the preferred medium. Craft of concrete essentially lost in this period. Rejection of wooden structures or structural elements. East end of church the focus for liturgical services. West end for the entrance to church. Church portals as “billboards” for scripture or elements of faith. Cruciform plans. Nave and transept at right angles to one another. Church as a metaphor for heaven. Elevation of churches based on basilican forms, but with the nave higher than the side aisles. Interiors articulated by repetitive series of moldings. Heavy masonry forms seem lighter with applied decoration. Bays divide the nave into compartments Round-headed arches the norm. Tripartite division of the elevation continues from the earlier periods.

4. Key terms transept crossing apse Choir Gallery ambulatory Baptistry Campanile Sanctuary monastic orders groin vault compound pier cruciform plan Portal Romanesque reliquary tympanum

5. Reliquary Statue of Sainte Foy Abbey Church of Conques, France Late 9 th Cent. Silver gilt over wood with gems and cameos Why isn’t this an idol? How is it different than a Venus statue?

6. Christ in Majesty Apse, church of San Climent, Catalunya, Spain Byzantine meets Mozarabic

7. Compare

8. Tower of Babel Nave vault Abbey church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, France c. 1115

10. South portal and porch Christ in Majesty Priory church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, 1115Ce

11. Christ in Majesty tympanum Priory Church of Saint-Pierre

12. Trumeau, Priory Church

13. Reliefs of left wall