1. How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime?

2. Degrees of opposition Non-conformity; protest; organised resistance
Wearing your hoodie under your blazer
Going on an anti-tuition fees march
Plotting to blow up the Education Ministry because of university fees

3. Non-conformity; protest; resistance
Put the most suitable letter against each
Put a tick against anything you would risk doing, if you disliked living under Nazi rule
You have 10 minutes to decide!

4. Which groups resisted the Nazis?
Communist and Socialist Parties
Protestant and Roman Catholic Clergymen
Army officers and officials who agreed with them
Young people: the Swing Youth; the Edelweiss Pirates and Navajos; the White Rose group
Adds up to a tiny minority of the German people

5. Why was there so little open opposition?
“Nowhere in the world can develop a resistance movement where people feel better from day to day.” (sister of protestant priest, who was executed)
“What we have written and said is in the minds of all of you but you lack the courage to say it aloud.” (Sophie Scholl leader of the White Rose, at her trial)
What 2 main reasons are being expressed here?

6. Assess their reasons, methods and success
Who?
Why?
What?
n/c,p,r??
How successful?What achieved?
Communists and socialists
Ch.19
Protestant Church
Ch 13/19
Roman Catholic Church
Ch 13
Army officers
Ch. 19
Swing Youth
Ch 15
Edelweiss Pirates & other gangs
White Rose Group

7. Communists and Socialists
Opposite end of the political spectrum – wanted to overthrow Nazi rule. (Communists wanted communism; socialists wanted democracy in Germany)
Anti-Nazi propaganda
Non-conformity and protest
Not successful

8. Protestant Church
Individuals such as Pastor Niemoller spoke out against Nazi policies (he also set up a breakaway church in 1934 – the Confessional Church)
Protest
Had little effect as they were often sent to concentration camps – Niemoller survived 8 years of this and was freed by the Allies in 1945 – not successful

9. Roman Catholic Church
The Church as a whole did not resist the Nazis (and Pope Pius XI has been criticised for not protesting at the persecution of the Jews.)
Cardinal Galen, Archbishop of Munster
Protested at euthanasia policy in 1941
Protest
Successful in the short-term but it was started up again later in war

10. Army officers Ludwig Beck, Claus von Stauffenberg
Expansion into East; treatment of Jews and conquered races
Beck – protest; Stauffenberg – resistance
Unsuccessful – both men and 5,700 others were executed after the Bomb Plot

11. Swing Youth
They preferred US swing music and fashionable clothes to marching to military music and wearing the HJ uniform
Just didn’t conform
A nuisance but didn’t achieve anything - unsuccessful

12. Edelweiss Pirates and similar gangs
Disliked the authoritarian Hitler Youth
“Eternal War on the Hitler Youth”
Destroyed HJ camps; later in war helped allied airmen escape
Moved from non-conformity to protest to actual resistance
Big nuisance (1000s arrested in 1942 and 12 leaders hanged in 1944) but didn’t succeed in overthrowing Nazis

13. White Rose Group Atrocities in conquered lands
Pamphlets, speeches and rallies
Protest
Unsuccessful – were tried and executed in 1943

14. h/wk Finish off any o/s work
Reread the whole Nazi section – p
Be ready to answer the 3 big qs about Nazi Germany:
1. Was terror the most important way that Germans were controlled?
2. Did ordinary people benefit from living under Nazi rule?
3. How successful was the opposition to the Nazis?

15. How successful was the opposition to the Nazis?
L.1 General Answer (1-2): ‘very unsuccessful as they stayed in power’
L.2 Identifies and or describes (3-4):
‘The Edelweiss Pirates helped airmen’
‘Archbishop Galen stopped the euthanasia policy’
L.3 Explains successful OR not successful (5-6)
L.4 Explains successful AND unsuccessful (7-9)
L.5 L4 plus a judgement e.g. ‘no opposition overthrew the regime; the most they managed was to be a nuisance to it’ (10)

16. A P,E,E paragraph
Point: One failure was the White Rose Group’s protest against the treatment of the conquered people in Eastern Europe. Evidence: Hans and Sophie Scholl and other students held meetings and protests, but they were tried and executed. Nazi policy did not change
Eval: This shows how difficult it was to protest

17. Your 10 mark essay:
2 paragraphs for each side of the argument. Choose your examples carefully. Use a range of groups, over time, and show that opposition succeeded in small ways but could not overthrow the Nazis)
Sum up by saying that the Nazis were overthrown by the Russian Army, not the German people.