2. FOR PROTECTING MINERS AT SMALL SURFACE M/NM MINES (Crushed Stone, Sand & Gravel, etc.) Rocky Mountain District Denver, CO

4. AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY 30 CFR § 56.5002 “EXPOSURE MONITORING” Dust, gas, mist and fume surveys shall be conducted as frequently as necessary to determine the adequacy of control measures. Airborne Contaminants

5. Airborne Contaminants ? What are they at your mine? –Mineral Dust ? Silica/Quartz (Respirable) Nuisance Particulate ????Fibers –Fumes? Welding Solvents –Gases and Mists? CO (shops, enclosed workplaces, cabs, booths) Cleaning (atomizing) –Others………..?

6. What Are Dusts? Solid particles suspended in air Generated by blasting, drilling, crushing, grinding, etc.

7. The Body Defends Against Dust By: Trapping larger particles in the nasal passages, throat, trachea, larynx Trapping particles in mucous and carrying them up the airways where they are coughed out or swallowed (mucociliary escalator)

8. Silica dust may be a hazard, if it is in the respirable range: small enough to get into the air sacs (alveoli) ----basically less than 10 microns in size it is present in high enough concentrations bronchiole alveoli

9. How Does Silica Affect The Body? Silica particles build up in the lungs leading to a type of dust disease (pneumoconiosis) called silicosis Makes affected workers more susceptible to TB Causes cancer

10. Silicosis : Severity of Disease  Dust Concentration  Percent of free silica  Duration of exposure  Size of particles (respirable??)

11. Development of Silicosis is: More Likely With: Inadequate dust control measures Inadequate respiratory protection Lack of medical screening Lack of air monitoring

12. NUISANCE PARTICULATES (Total Dust) TLV: 10mg/M 3 IRRATANT –Respiratory system –Sinus membranes –Mucous tract –Skin –Eyes

13. Some Nuisance Particulate* Alundum Calcium Carbonate Cellulose (paper fiber) Portland Cement Corundum Emery Glass, fibrous or dust Glycerin Mist Vegetable oil mists (some exceptions) Kaolin *Sio2 less than 1% Limestone Magnesite Marble Pentaerythritol Plaster of Paris Rouge Silicon Carbide Starch Sucrose Tin Oxide Titanium Dioxide

14. Evaluate Worker Exposures By: Doing work area inspections Sampling, monitoring workers Observing work practices

15. Monitoring: Personal Exposures

16. REDUCE Dust Exposures: Assess potential for exposure Use engineering controls, such as:  Dust Collectors  Environmental cabs and booths  Water Sprays  HEPA Filters and Vacuum (Don’t cleanup with brooms/shovels)

17. M62.110 MMust establish: SYSTEM OF MONITORING MPerformance based. MSystem sufficient to determine compliance with rule. MAssess miner’s noise exposure over full work shift.

18. Noise Monitoring MSpecific requirements for determining miner’s noise dose. MUse appropriate integration range: M80-130 for AL M90-140 for PEL and DHPL and M 90 dBA criterion level M 5 dB exchange rate  A-weighting & slow response  Cannot adjust for hearing protector worn.

19. Noise Monitoring MNotify miner of exposure at or above AL, and above the PEL and DHPL. MMust be in writing and given to miner within 15 days of determination. MCopy must be kept as long as miner exposed at or above AL, plus 6 months. MMiners and their representative have right to observe monitoring. (no pay required)

20. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS FROTATE WORKERS / WORK SCHEDULES FESTABLISH REGULATED AREAS FPUT UP WARNING SIGNS & BARRICADES FELIMINATE THE JOB FIMPROVE EDUCATION & TRAINING

21. CONTROL AT POINT OF WORKER  JOB ROTATION  ENCLOSURE  PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT  TRAINING & EDUCATION  PERSONAL MONITORING  MAINTENANCE PROGRAM

22. MINERS : $OBSERVE RULES -  work practices, cleanup, hygiene $ NOTIFY SUPERVISORS OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS WITH CONTROL MEASURES $ MAINTENANCE $ USE REQUIRED PPE